BIOL 431 – HEART EXAM QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS
What is a cardiac cycle? - Answer-Blood flow through the heart during one complete
heartbeat: atrial systole and diastole followed by ventricular systole and diastole.
Define systole and diastole - Answer-Systole: contraction
Diastole: relaxation
Phases of the Cardiac Cycle - Answer-1. Ventricular Filling
2. Ventricular Systole
3. Isovolumetric Relaxation
What is End Diastolic Volume (EDV)? - Answer-The volume of blood left in each
ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole.
What is End Systolic Volume (ESV)? - Answer-The volume of blood left in each
ventricle at the end of ventricular systole.
What is Cardiac Output (CO)? - Answer-Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in
one minute.
CO = heart rate (HR) X stroke volume (SV)
What is the Stroke volume (SV)? - Answer-The volume of blood pumped in one beat.
SV = EDV – ESV
What is the function of the heart? - Answer-Pumps blood through a closed system of
vessels
Pericardium - Answer-A double-walled sac that:
- Protects and anchors the heart
- Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
- Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment
What are the parts of the pericardium? - Answer-1. Fibrous pericardium
2. Serous pericardium
a. Parietal layer
b. Visceral layer
What are the three layers of the heart wall? - Answer-1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium
AND ANSWERS
What is a cardiac cycle? - Answer-Blood flow through the heart during one complete
heartbeat: atrial systole and diastole followed by ventricular systole and diastole.
Define systole and diastole - Answer-Systole: contraction
Diastole: relaxation
Phases of the Cardiac Cycle - Answer-1. Ventricular Filling
2. Ventricular Systole
3. Isovolumetric Relaxation
What is End Diastolic Volume (EDV)? - Answer-The volume of blood left in each
ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole.
What is End Systolic Volume (ESV)? - Answer-The volume of blood left in each
ventricle at the end of ventricular systole.
What is Cardiac Output (CO)? - Answer-Volume of blood pumped by each ventricle in
one minute.
CO = heart rate (HR) X stroke volume (SV)
What is the Stroke volume (SV)? - Answer-The volume of blood pumped in one beat.
SV = EDV – ESV
What is the function of the heart? - Answer-Pumps blood through a closed system of
vessels
Pericardium - Answer-A double-walled sac that:
- Protects and anchors the heart
- Prevents overfilling of the heart with blood
- Allows for the heart to work in a relatively friction-free environment
What are the parts of the pericardium? - Answer-1. Fibrous pericardium
2. Serous pericardium
a. Parietal layer
b. Visceral layer
What are the three layers of the heart wall? - Answer-1. Epicardium
2. Myocardium
3. Endocardium
