Ling 1 UCLA Midterm Exam Questions With Solved Solutions.

Ling 1 UCLA Midterm Exam Questions With
Solved Solutions
linguistics - ANSWER>>the scientific study of language

vocal tract - ANSWER>>structures that work together to create the sound

1) place of articulation
2) manner of articulation
3) voicing - ANSWER>>three features that determine consonants

bilabials - ANSWER>>sounds produced by bringing both lips together (i.e. [b], [p], [m])

labiodentals - ANSWER>>sounds produced by touching the bottom lip to the upper
teeth (i.e. [f], [v])

interdentals - ANSWER>>sounds produced by inserting the tip of the tongue between
the upper teeth and the lower teeth (i.e. [θ], [đ])

alveolars - ANSWER>>sounds produced by raising the tip of the tongue to the alveolar
ridge (part of the hard palate directly behind the upper front teeth) (i.e. [t], [d], [n], [s], [z],
[l], [r])

palatals - ANSWER>>sounds produced by raising the front part of the tongue to the
hard palate (bony section of the roof of the mouth behind the alveolar ridge) (i.e. [ʃ], [ʒ],
[tʃ], [dʒ], [j])

velars - ANSWER>>sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft
palate or velum (i.e. [k], [g], [ŋ])

glottals - ANSWER>>[h] produced with the flow of air through the open glottis.
[Ɂ] produced if the air is stopped completely at the glottis by tightly closed vocal chords:
glottal stop

labio-velar - ANSWER>>bilabial and velar

voiceless - ANSWER>>vocal cords apart, air flows freely through glottis (no vibration)

voiced - ANSWER>>vocal cords together, airstream forces way through, causing
vibration

stops - ANSWER>>there is a complete obstruction of airflow somewhere in the vocal
tract

, oral stops - ANSWER>>the velum is raised to block the nasal cavity so that when the
stop is released, the air flows out through the mouth (i.e. [p, b, t, d, k, g, Ɂ ])

nasal stops - ANSWER>>the velum is lowered to
open the nasal cavity (i.e. [m] [n] [ŋ])

fricatives - ANSWER>>there is a major, but not complete, obstruction in the vocal tract
(i.e. f, v, ɵ as in thick, ð as in thy, s, z, ʃ as in issue, ʒ as in leisure, h as in house)

affricates - ANSWER>>briefly stopping the air flow completely, then slightly releasing
the closure so that a fricative‐like noise is produced (i.e. [tʃ] as in cheap, [dʒ] as in Joe)

liquids - ANSWER>>some minor obstruction of the vocal tract w/ tongue, but air still
passes through (i.e. [l, r])

lateral Liquid - ANSWER>>[l] - If you inhale sharply you should feel air passing along
the sides of your tongue

retroflex liquid - ANSWER>>[r] - articulated in the alveolar region and for most, the tip of
the tongue is curled back behind the alveolar ridge

four features to determine vowels - ANSWER>>1)tongue position (frontness/backness)
2)tongue height (high/mid/low)
3)lip rounding
4)tenseness

front vowels - ANSWER>>[i] beet, [ɪ] bit, [e] bait, [ɛ] bet, [æ] bat

central vowels - ANSWER>>[ә] about, [ʌ] but, [a] cot

back vowels - ANSWER>>[u] boot, [ʊ] book, [o] boat, [ɔ] caught

high vowels - ANSWER>>[i] beet, [ɪ] bit, [u] boot, [ʊ] book

mid vowels - ANSWER>>[e] bait, [ɛ] bet, [ә] about, [ʌ] but, [o] boat, [ɔ] bought

low vowels - ANSWER>>[æ] bat , [ɑ] cot

tense vowels - ANSWER>>muscles tensed/tighter [i] [e] [u] [o] [a]

lax vowels - ANSWER>>muscles a bit more relaxed [ɪ] [ɛ] [æ] [ʌ] [ә] [ʊ] [ɔ]

unrounded vowels - ANSWER>>[ә] about, [ʌ] but, [a] cot, [i] beet, [ɪ] bit, [e] bait, [ɛ] bet,
[æ] bat