CHMM Test Study Guide Questions with
complete solution
General Properties of Organic Compounds - correct answers - Melt and boil at
lower temperatures
- As # C's and the MW increase, BP/MP increase
- Flammable, unstable, especially triple bonds
- Triple bonds can: Polymerize, Spontaneously react with, Oxygen, Explode.
Keep triple bonds away from: Heat & Oxygen/Oxidizers
- Presence of halogens increases stability
- Many are water in-soluble i.e. they sink such as CCl4, MeCl2, PCBs etc
- Some are polar if they contain hetero oxygen atom such as ketones,
aldehyde, alcohols, carboxylic acid etc.
- A common toxic effect of uncontrolled exposure to organic solvent vapors is:
CNS depression
Chemical Hazards: - correct answers - Fire
- Corrosion
- Polymerization
- Explosion
- Thermal Decomposition
- Water Reactivity
- Incompatibility
Physical Hazards - correct answers - Engulfment
- Overpressurization
- Thermal
,- Mechanical
- Electrical
- Slips/trips/falls
Flash Point - correct answers The lowest temperature that will produce a
vapor concentration high enough ti propagate a flame when a source of
ignition is present
Halogenated Hydrocarbon - correct answers More Toxic Organic Chemicals
7- Common OSHA Chemical Hazards: - correct answers Flammables,
Corrosives, Oxidizers, Reactives, Explosives, Toxics, and Radioactive
(i) Flammables - correct answers Flammable: Flash point is the temperature
at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to be ignited in air by a spark or other
ignition source. In general liquids/solids do not burn, their vapors do. Highly
flammable, pose a risk of liberation of a toxic gas, or pose an explosion
hazard.
Fire Tetrahedron: fuel, heat, oxygen, and free radicals
- F.P. ≤ 140ºF (EPA calls it ignitable)
-F.P. ≤ 141ºF (DOT calls it flammable)
-F.P. between 100 and 200 ºF (DOT calls it combustible)
-F.P. ≤ 100 ºF (OSHA calls it flammable)
-Fire Triangle: Fuel, heat and oxygen
-Fire Tetrahedron: O2, heat, fuel, free radicals
-Flammability Limits (Upper Flammability Limit): higher end of range of fuel/air
vapor mixture when it will burn upon ignition.
-Flammability Limits (Lower Flammability Limits): lower end of range of fuel/air
vapor mixture when it will burn upon ignition.
,-Autoignition Temperature: Some materials will ignite spontaneously at a
given temperature without any source of ignition.
-Analytical Test for flammability: "closed cup"
Using the concept of Lower Flammability Limits (LEF) & Upper Flammability
Limit (UFL), when will a vapor will burn - correct answers above its LEF and
below UFL, a vapor will burn
What is the easiest way to avoid fire and explosion when working with
flammables? - correct answers Control Ignition Sources
(ii) Corrosives - correct answers -DOT definition: Liquid/solid that will cause
visible tissue destruction or severe corrosion on steel/Aluminium
-GHS definition: 6.25 mm (0.25 in) per year or irreversible damage to skin
(iii) Oxidizers - correct answers presence of oxygen needed to cause burning,
rapid exothermic reaction. Oxidizer + Organics = Explosion
Perchloric Acid - correct answers A very strong oxidizer, which can cause fire
and explosion hazard. If evaporation is conducted under a hood equipped with
a water-fall, the fire & explosion hazard can be negated
(iv) Reactives - correct answers -Pyrophorics are spontaneous ignitable when
exposed to air at T≤130 oF, per DOT they catch fire in ≤ 5 min
o White Phosphorous
o Trialkyl aluminium compounds
o Titanium dichloride
- Water Reactives: Alkali metals; metal hydrides, amides, and halides; organic
and inorganic acid halides, phosphorous pentoxide, calcium carbide, and
, anhydrides of low molecular weight. Rxn w/ H2O causes release of
flammable/toxic gas/HCN gas.
(v) Explosives - correct answers -They release large amount of energy
spontaneously or via friction, impact, heat, light or combination
-Rapid oxidation
-Gun powder, black powder, pyrotechnics
-Sodium Azide (airbags)
-Picric Acid
-Organic Peroxides (polymerization catalysts)
-Nitroglycerine (dynamite)
(vi) Toxic - correct answers A) Acute Toxic Agents: cause minor effect such as
skin/eye irritation or lethal. They are irritants and asphyxiants
- Acute Toxicity for solids = f (LD50, TDLo), unite = mg/Kg of test substance
- Acute Toxicity for gases = f (LC50, TCLo ), units are ppm or mg/L of air
B) Chronic Toxic Agents: effects manifests over the longer period of time.
They are carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, and endocrine disruptors
Acute Toxins (Sensitizers) - correct answers Cyanides, P-listed waste,
repeated exposure can increase the reaction to the substance
Acute Toxins (Irritants/Asphyxiants) - correct answers Target Organs: body
cells (displaces O2, but no interference w/ breathing process), CNS, liver,
kidneys. For instance: CO, hydrogen sulfide, arsenic, cadmium, mercury,
acetaminophen, CCl4, ethylene glycol, inorganic cyanides
Chronic Agents (Carcinogens) - correct answers Target Organs/Examples:
vinyl chloride (liver), benzene (brain, leukemia), asbestos (mesothelioma),
complete solution
General Properties of Organic Compounds - correct answers - Melt and boil at
lower temperatures
- As # C's and the MW increase, BP/MP increase
- Flammable, unstable, especially triple bonds
- Triple bonds can: Polymerize, Spontaneously react with, Oxygen, Explode.
Keep triple bonds away from: Heat & Oxygen/Oxidizers
- Presence of halogens increases stability
- Many are water in-soluble i.e. they sink such as CCl4, MeCl2, PCBs etc
- Some are polar if they contain hetero oxygen atom such as ketones,
aldehyde, alcohols, carboxylic acid etc.
- A common toxic effect of uncontrolled exposure to organic solvent vapors is:
CNS depression
Chemical Hazards: - correct answers - Fire
- Corrosion
- Polymerization
- Explosion
- Thermal Decomposition
- Water Reactivity
- Incompatibility
Physical Hazards - correct answers - Engulfment
- Overpressurization
- Thermal
,- Mechanical
- Electrical
- Slips/trips/falls
Flash Point - correct answers The lowest temperature that will produce a
vapor concentration high enough ti propagate a flame when a source of
ignition is present
Halogenated Hydrocarbon - correct answers More Toxic Organic Chemicals
7- Common OSHA Chemical Hazards: - correct answers Flammables,
Corrosives, Oxidizers, Reactives, Explosives, Toxics, and Radioactive
(i) Flammables - correct answers Flammable: Flash point is the temperature
at which a liquid gives off enough vapor to be ignited in air by a spark or other
ignition source. In general liquids/solids do not burn, their vapors do. Highly
flammable, pose a risk of liberation of a toxic gas, or pose an explosion
hazard.
Fire Tetrahedron: fuel, heat, oxygen, and free radicals
- F.P. ≤ 140ºF (EPA calls it ignitable)
-F.P. ≤ 141ºF (DOT calls it flammable)
-F.P. between 100 and 200 ºF (DOT calls it combustible)
-F.P. ≤ 100 ºF (OSHA calls it flammable)
-Fire Triangle: Fuel, heat and oxygen
-Fire Tetrahedron: O2, heat, fuel, free radicals
-Flammability Limits (Upper Flammability Limit): higher end of range of fuel/air
vapor mixture when it will burn upon ignition.
-Flammability Limits (Lower Flammability Limits): lower end of range of fuel/air
vapor mixture when it will burn upon ignition.
,-Autoignition Temperature: Some materials will ignite spontaneously at a
given temperature without any source of ignition.
-Analytical Test for flammability: "closed cup"
Using the concept of Lower Flammability Limits (LEF) & Upper Flammability
Limit (UFL), when will a vapor will burn - correct answers above its LEF and
below UFL, a vapor will burn
What is the easiest way to avoid fire and explosion when working with
flammables? - correct answers Control Ignition Sources
(ii) Corrosives - correct answers -DOT definition: Liquid/solid that will cause
visible tissue destruction or severe corrosion on steel/Aluminium
-GHS definition: 6.25 mm (0.25 in) per year or irreversible damage to skin
(iii) Oxidizers - correct answers presence of oxygen needed to cause burning,
rapid exothermic reaction. Oxidizer + Organics = Explosion
Perchloric Acid - correct answers A very strong oxidizer, which can cause fire
and explosion hazard. If evaporation is conducted under a hood equipped with
a water-fall, the fire & explosion hazard can be negated
(iv) Reactives - correct answers -Pyrophorics are spontaneous ignitable when
exposed to air at T≤130 oF, per DOT they catch fire in ≤ 5 min
o White Phosphorous
o Trialkyl aluminium compounds
o Titanium dichloride
- Water Reactives: Alkali metals; metal hydrides, amides, and halides; organic
and inorganic acid halides, phosphorous pentoxide, calcium carbide, and
, anhydrides of low molecular weight. Rxn w/ H2O causes release of
flammable/toxic gas/HCN gas.
(v) Explosives - correct answers -They release large amount of energy
spontaneously or via friction, impact, heat, light or combination
-Rapid oxidation
-Gun powder, black powder, pyrotechnics
-Sodium Azide (airbags)
-Picric Acid
-Organic Peroxides (polymerization catalysts)
-Nitroglycerine (dynamite)
(vi) Toxic - correct answers A) Acute Toxic Agents: cause minor effect such as
skin/eye irritation or lethal. They are irritants and asphyxiants
- Acute Toxicity for solids = f (LD50, TDLo), unite = mg/Kg of test substance
- Acute Toxicity for gases = f (LC50, TCLo ), units are ppm or mg/L of air
B) Chronic Toxic Agents: effects manifests over the longer period of time.
They are carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens, and endocrine disruptors
Acute Toxins (Sensitizers) - correct answers Cyanides, P-listed waste,
repeated exposure can increase the reaction to the substance
Acute Toxins (Irritants/Asphyxiants) - correct answers Target Organs: body
cells (displaces O2, but no interference w/ breathing process), CNS, liver,
kidneys. For instance: CO, hydrogen sulfide, arsenic, cadmium, mercury,
acetaminophen, CCl4, ethylene glycol, inorganic cyanides
Chronic Agents (Carcinogens) - correct answers Target Organs/Examples:
vinyl chloride (liver), benzene (brain, leukemia), asbestos (mesothelioma),
