PCOL Exam 1 Comprehensive Correct
Questions And Answers 2025
Pharmacology - Answer - The study of drugs and their effects
Pharmacodynamics - Answer - Effects of a pharmacological agent and the mechanism of action
Pharmacokinetics - Answer - Time course of drug action; includes ADME (Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, and Excretion)
Adrenergic Agents, Opiates - Answer - Examples of Drug Receptor & Second Messenger System
Activation
Estrogen, Glucocorticoids - Answer - Examples of Intracellular Receptor Activation (Binds to cell causing
increase in production of steroid) Takes Hours
Angiotensin converting Enzyme (Lisinopril) - Answer - Example of an Enzyme activation or Inhibition
Serotonin Reuptake (SSRIs - Antidepressants) - Answer - Example of Transporter Inhibition
Calcium Channel Blockers - Answer - Example of Ion Channel Blockade
Agonist - Answer - Chemical that activates a receptor to produce an effect, or response.
Effective Dose (ED50) - Answer - Dose needed to produce effect in 50% of the population or to reduce
response by 50%
Protective Index (PI) - Answer - Toxic Dose (TD50) / Effective Dose (ED50). Low value may require close
monitoring
, PI > 10 - Answer - A good value for Protective Index (PI)
Digoxin - Answer - Example of a drug with a low PI (around 2-3)
Potency - Answer - A Dose Response that compares doses to produce same effect: Lower ED50 = less
drug needed
Fentanyl - Answer - Example of a drug that takes considerably lower dose to reach same effect (more
potent)
Efficacy - Answer - Compares the maximum response. Example is Morphine has much higher response
for same dose as Aspirin
Full Agonist - Answer - Binding shifts equilibrium of the drug-receptor to the active conformation
Partial Agonist - Answer - Binds to both conformations, But active > Inactive just not as great as a full
agonist
Competitive Antagonist - Answer - Reversible and Surmountable. Shifts curve to the right, requiring more
of the agonist to be used to get result.
Antagonist - Answer - Binds equally to both receptor conformations, no change in response
Reversible Competitive Antagonists - Answer - Can be used to reverse the effects of the agonist. (Shifts
curve to the right and down)
Partial Agonist - Answer - Can be used as antagonists, An Intrinsic Sympathomimetic activity. Examples
include Beta-Adrenergic blockers
Irreversible Competitive Antagonists - Answer - Locks Receptors into an inactive conformation
Questions And Answers 2025
Pharmacology - Answer - The study of drugs and their effects
Pharmacodynamics - Answer - Effects of a pharmacological agent and the mechanism of action
Pharmacokinetics - Answer - Time course of drug action; includes ADME (Absorption, Distribution,
Metabolism, and Excretion)
Adrenergic Agents, Opiates - Answer - Examples of Drug Receptor & Second Messenger System
Activation
Estrogen, Glucocorticoids - Answer - Examples of Intracellular Receptor Activation (Binds to cell causing
increase in production of steroid) Takes Hours
Angiotensin converting Enzyme (Lisinopril) - Answer - Example of an Enzyme activation or Inhibition
Serotonin Reuptake (SSRIs - Antidepressants) - Answer - Example of Transporter Inhibition
Calcium Channel Blockers - Answer - Example of Ion Channel Blockade
Agonist - Answer - Chemical that activates a receptor to produce an effect, or response.
Effective Dose (ED50) - Answer - Dose needed to produce effect in 50% of the population or to reduce
response by 50%
Protective Index (PI) - Answer - Toxic Dose (TD50) / Effective Dose (ED50). Low value may require close
monitoring
, PI > 10 - Answer - A good value for Protective Index (PI)
Digoxin - Answer - Example of a drug with a low PI (around 2-3)
Potency - Answer - A Dose Response that compares doses to produce same effect: Lower ED50 = less
drug needed
Fentanyl - Answer - Example of a drug that takes considerably lower dose to reach same effect (more
potent)
Efficacy - Answer - Compares the maximum response. Example is Morphine has much higher response
for same dose as Aspirin
Full Agonist - Answer - Binding shifts equilibrium of the drug-receptor to the active conformation
Partial Agonist - Answer - Binds to both conformations, But active > Inactive just not as great as a full
agonist
Competitive Antagonist - Answer - Reversible and Surmountable. Shifts curve to the right, requiring more
of the agonist to be used to get result.
Antagonist - Answer - Binds equally to both receptor conformations, no change in response
Reversible Competitive Antagonists - Answer - Can be used to reverse the effects of the agonist. (Shifts
curve to the right and down)
Partial Agonist - Answer - Can be used as antagonists, An Intrinsic Sympathomimetic activity. Examples
include Beta-Adrenergic blockers
Irreversible Competitive Antagonists - Answer - Locks Receptors into an inactive conformation
