BTEC Health and Social Care Level 3
Unit 1 Theories Exam Q’s and A’s
Piaget stages of cognitive development - -Sensorimotor: Birth - 2 years
Pre-operational: 2 - 7 years
Concrete operational: 7-11 years
Formal operations: 11-18 years
- Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
- summary - -How children use their experiences to construct their
understanding of the world around them - schemas
- Schemas - -Assimilation: the child constructs an understanding or concept
(schema)
Equilibrium: the child's experience fits with their schema
Disequilibrium: a new experience disturbs the child's schema
Accommodation: the child's understanding (schema) changes to take
account of the new experience
- Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
- key features - -Children pass through distinct developmental stages
In sequence.
Children should be able to discover things for themselves through
spontaneous play.
Egocentrism - under 7s:
Only see things from their own perspective
Mountain test.
Conservation - under 7s:
Children under 7 cannot conserve because they cannot think about more
than one aspect of a situation at a time;
Water in glasses of different dimension
- Criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development - -Piaget
underestimated children's rate of development
With support, children can develop more advanced concepts
, Children can be given experiences that help them move through the stages
at a faster rate
Some children can see things from the perspective of others before the age
of 7
- Chomsky's theory of language development
- summary - -Chomsky's LAD theory helps to explain how children develop
language skills. It is based on nativist theory which suggests that
individuals are pre-programmed to develop in a certain way
- Chomsky's theory of language development
- key features - -Humans:
are born with a structure in their brain that enables them to acquire
language;
Have a critical period for first language development in the first years of life;
All follow the same pattern of language development in the first years of life;
All follow the same pattern of language development;
Have an innate understanding of the structure of language (universal
grammar) that is the basis for all languages (subject, verb, object).
- Criticisms of Chomsky - -Lack of scientific evidence of innate
understanding of structure of language.
The rate of language development is affected by the degree of interactions
with others.
Does not take into account that a language acquisition support system is
required.
Chomsky put emphasis on grammar in sentence development rather than
meanings.
- An attachment is.. - -The emotional bond that is formed between infants
and young children and their main caregiver
- Bowlby's theory of attachment - -Infancy is a critical period for developing
attachments.
Infants are biologically pre-programmed to form attachments.
In their early months, infants form one primary attachment.
Attachment to the primary caregiver is essential
A disruption to attachment has a negative impact on development.
Attachment to the primary caregiver is a model for future attachments.
- Schaffer and Emerson's stages of attachment - -Birth to 3 months:
Responds to caregiver
4 - 7 months: Shows preference for primary caregiver but accepts
Unit 1 Theories Exam Q’s and A’s
Piaget stages of cognitive development - -Sensorimotor: Birth - 2 years
Pre-operational: 2 - 7 years
Concrete operational: 7-11 years
Formal operations: 11-18 years
- Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
- summary - -How children use their experiences to construct their
understanding of the world around them - schemas
- Schemas - -Assimilation: the child constructs an understanding or concept
(schema)
Equilibrium: the child's experience fits with their schema
Disequilibrium: a new experience disturbs the child's schema
Accommodation: the child's understanding (schema) changes to take
account of the new experience
- Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
- key features - -Children pass through distinct developmental stages
In sequence.
Children should be able to discover things for themselves through
spontaneous play.
Egocentrism - under 7s:
Only see things from their own perspective
Mountain test.
Conservation - under 7s:
Children under 7 cannot conserve because they cannot think about more
than one aspect of a situation at a time;
Water in glasses of different dimension
- Criticisms of Piaget's theory of cognitive development - -Piaget
underestimated children's rate of development
With support, children can develop more advanced concepts
, Children can be given experiences that help them move through the stages
at a faster rate
Some children can see things from the perspective of others before the age
of 7
- Chomsky's theory of language development
- summary - -Chomsky's LAD theory helps to explain how children develop
language skills. It is based on nativist theory which suggests that
individuals are pre-programmed to develop in a certain way
- Chomsky's theory of language development
- key features - -Humans:
are born with a structure in their brain that enables them to acquire
language;
Have a critical period for first language development in the first years of life;
All follow the same pattern of language development in the first years of life;
All follow the same pattern of language development;
Have an innate understanding of the structure of language (universal
grammar) that is the basis for all languages (subject, verb, object).
- Criticisms of Chomsky - -Lack of scientific evidence of innate
understanding of structure of language.
The rate of language development is affected by the degree of interactions
with others.
Does not take into account that a language acquisition support system is
required.
Chomsky put emphasis on grammar in sentence development rather than
meanings.
- An attachment is.. - -The emotional bond that is formed between infants
and young children and their main caregiver
- Bowlby's theory of attachment - -Infancy is a critical period for developing
attachments.
Infants are biologically pre-programmed to form attachments.
In their early months, infants form one primary attachment.
Attachment to the primary caregiver is essential
A disruption to attachment has a negative impact on development.
Attachment to the primary caregiver is a model for future attachments.
- Schaffer and Emerson's stages of attachment - -Birth to 3 months:
Responds to caregiver
4 - 7 months: Shows preference for primary caregiver but accepts
