AQA GCSE Physics - Paper 2 Practice Exam Questions & Answers

AQA GCSE Physics - Paper 2 Practice Exam Questions & Answers AQA GCSE Physics - Paper 2 Practice Exam/ Questions & Answers 2024/2025 What are vectors? - ANSWER-Quantities that have a magnitude and a direction What are scalars? - ANSWER-Quantities that only have a magnitude Examples of vectors - ANSWER-Force Velocity Displacement Acceleration Momentum Examples of scalars - ANSWER-Speed Distance Mass Temperature Time What are contact forces? - ANSWER-Forces that act when two objects are touching What are non-contact forces? - ANSWER-Forces that act without the need for two objects to be touching Examples of contact forces - ANSWER-Friction Air resistance Tension in ropes Normal contact force Examples of non-contact forces - ANSWER-Magnetic force Gravitational force Electrostatic force What is mass? - ANSWER-The amount of material an object is made of It is the same value everywhere Measured using a mass balance What is weight? - ANSWER-The force acting on an object due to gravity It depends on the strength of the gravitational field at the location of the object Measured using a calibrated spring balance - newton meter Equation for Weight - ANSWER-Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg) W=mg What is weight directly proportional to? - ANSWER-Mass What are free body diagrams? - ANSWER-Diagrams that show all the forces acting on an object What is the minimum number of forces acting on an object in real situations? - ANSWER-At least 2 forces What is the resultant force? - ANSWER-The single force that replaces multiple forces acting at a single point How is work done? - ANSWER-When a force moves an object through a distance, energy is transferred and work is done on the object Equation for 'Work Done' - ANSWER-Work done (J) = Force (N) x Distance (m) W=Fs What is 1J equal to? - ANSWER-1Nm What could happen when you apply a force to an object? - ANSWER-It may stretch, compress or bend What happens when an object is inelastically deformed? - ANSWER-The object won't return to its original shape and length after the force has been removed Equation for Force 1 - ANSWER-Force (N) = Spring Constant (N/m) x Extension (m) F=ke What is extension directly proportional to? - ANSWER-The force applied F∝e The stiffer the spring... - ANSWER-...The greater the spring constant What is the limit of proportionality? - ANSWER-The point at which extension is no longer directly proportional to force Equation for 'Moments' - ANSWER-Moment of a force (Nm) = Force (N) x Distance (m) M=Fd What is a moment? - ANSWER-The turning effect of a force When will an object not turn? - ANSWER-When the object is balanced - the total anticlockwise moment equals the total clockwise moment about a pivot What affects the size of a moment? - ANSWER-1) The size of the force applied - a larger force will produce a larger moment 2) The perpendicular distance from the pivot to the line of action of the force - any angle smaller than 90° will result in a smaller distance, thus a smaller moment What do levers do? - ANSWER-They increase the distance from the pivot at which the force is applied Do levers make it easier or harder to do work? - ANSWER-Easier to do work What are gears and what do they do? - ANSWER-Circular discs with 'teeth' around their edges Their teeth interlock so that turning one causes another to turn in the opposite direction They are used to transmit the rotational effect of a force from one place to another What is pressure? - ANSWER-The force per unit area Equation for Pressure - Surface of a fluid - ANSWER-Pressure (Pa) = Force normal to a surface (N) / Area of that surface (m²) p=F/A What is the pressure of a fluid? - ANSWER-A force is exerted normal (at right angles) to any surface in contact with the fluid What is density? - ANSWER-A measure of the 'compactness' of a substance Equation for Pressure - Liquid - ANSWER-Pressure (Pa) = Height of the column of liquid (the depth) (m) x Density of the liquid (kg/m³) x Gravitational field strength (N/kg) p=hρg What is upthrust? - ANSWER-The force exerted on the bottom of the object is larger than the force acting on the top of the object - the resultant force upwards on an object when it is submerged in water What is upthrust equal to? - ANSWER-The weight of fluid that has been displaced by the object Why do objects float? - ANSWER-The upthrust of the object is equal to the object's weight, thus the force balances It has a low density Why do objects sink? - ANSWER-The object's weight is more than the upthrust It has a high density Low density - ANSWER-If an object is less dense than the fluid it is placed in, it weighs less than the equivalent volume of fluid It will displace a volume of fluid that is equal to its weight before it is completely submerged High density - ANSWER-If an object is denser than the fluid it is placed in, it will be unable to displace enough fluid to equal its weight, therefore its weight will be larger How do submarines make use of upthrust? - ANSWER-To sink, large tanks are filled with water to increase the weight of the submarine so that it is more than the upthrust To float, the tanks are filled with compressed air to reduce the weight so that it is less than the upthrust What is atmospheric pressure? - ANSWER-A layer of air that surrounds Earth It's created on a surface when air molecules collide with the surface What is atmospheric pressure inversely proportional to? - ANSWER-Altitude (height above Earth) If the altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases and becomes less dense What else happens when altitude increases? - ANSWER-There are fewer air molecules above a surface as the height increases, therefore the weight of the air above it (which contributes to atmospheric pressure) decreases What is distance? - ANSWER-How far an object has moved What is displacement? - ANSWER-It measures the distance and direction in a straight line from an object's starting point to its finishing point continues...