Summary PHIL 101 Midterm Exam Review

Philosophy 101 Midterm Review

Week 1 question= The Theory of Forms
Philosopher 1= Plato
Article= The One Over Many
Stance on Argument= Visible Realm is where we live (where we can participate/partake
in) Intelligible Realm is thinking (external and abstract forms, like happiness, beauty, etc)

Week 2 question= The Existence of Self
Philosopher 1= Rene Descartes
Article= Meditations
Stance on Argument= believed self existed
Philosopher 2= David Hume
Article= A Treatise on Human Nature
Stance on Argument= did not believe self existed “I don’t exist”

Week 3 question= Determinism and Free Will (no disagreement between these 2 philosophers)
Philosopher 1= Pierre Laplace
Article= A Philosophical Essay on Probabilities
Stance on Argument= believed in Incompatibilism (if determinism is true, we cannot
have free will)
Philosopher 2= Peter van Inwagen
Article= An Essay on Free Will
Stance on Argument= believed in Incompatibilism (gives the real argument)

Week 4 question= The Existence of God
Philosopher 1= Anselm of Canterbury
Article= Proslogion
Stance on Argument= Believed God exists (Greatest Conceivable Being)
Philosopher 2= Gaunilo of Marmoutiers
Article= On Behalf of the Fool
Stance on Argument= Did not believe God existed

Week 5 question= Theory of Knowledge (objecting to the standard def of knowledge)
Philosopher 1= Edmund Gettier
Article= Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
Stance on Argument= not good enough, believed belief does not = knowledge
Philosopher 2= Crispin Startwell
Article= Knowledge is Merely True Belief
Stance on Argument= no justification

Week 6 question= External World Skepticism (both believed skepticism is wrong)
Philosopher 1= David Chalmers
Article= The Matrix as Metaphysics