ANTH264 Midterm Exam With Correct Solutions
Discourse - ANSWER the use of language to communicate in speech and writing
Discourse holds and creates what? - ANSWER Power and knowledge about what is true
What is the prime source for locating discourse on immigration? - ANSWER The media
Media spectacles - ANSWER Events or public performances that receive an inordinate
volume of media attention and public opinion
Where is discourse born in the media? - ANSWER Media spectacles
Media spectacles do what? - ANSWER Transform worldview into "truth". Objectification
of immigrants as it is easier to lack empathy for objects and to pass policy to govern
their behavior
Example of national debate on immigration? - ANSWER Comprehensive immigration
reform and border control
Example of state debates on immigration? - ANSWER Drivers licenses for
undocumented immigrants
Example of local debates on immigration? - ANSWER Sanctuary jurisdiction
The Latino Threat Narrative - ANSWER Latinos are different from past immigrants
Latinos unwilling/incapable of assimilating
Latinos part of an invading force from the south of the border bent on reconquering the
SW and destroying the American way of life
Latinos as a threat to existing institutions (medical, social services, education)
Latinos as criminals
Latinos as security threat (post 9/11)
Past threat narratives - ANSWER The Chinese and Japanese threats, Catholic threat,
Southern and Eastern European threats
Present threat narratives - ANSWER Muslim threat and refugee threat
Internal Migration - ANSWER the movement of people within a nation-state
What is often the first step to international migration? - ANSWER Internal migration
International Migration - ANSWER the movement of people across nation-state
boundaries
,What are some motives for international migration? - ANSWER economic, political,
social, personal
Nation-state - ANSWER a political entity, located within a geographic territory with
enforced borders, where the population shares a sense of culture, ancestry, and destiny
as a people
Sending society/home country/country of origin - ANSWER the nation-states from which
immigrants leave
Where are sending societies usually found? - ANSWER Global south
Immigrants leaving sending society are usually... - ANSWER positively selected in terms
of human capital and motivation (those who migrate are not the poorest or the sickest)
Receiving society/host country - ANSWER nation-states in which immigrants work, live,
and settle on a temporary, semi-permanent, or permanent basis
Where are host-societies usually found? - ANSWER Global North
Voluntary migrant - ANSWER A person leaving his or her place of residence in order to
improve his or her quality of life, often for the purpose of employment.
Examples of voluntary migrants? - ANSWER labor migrants and immigrants
Labor migrant - ANSWER a person who migrates to another country to temporarily seek
employment. Generally enter bottom level of the labor market
or a guest worker
Guest Workers - ANSWER granted temporary status to complete a work task during a
specific time period
Immigrant - ANSWER a person who migrates to another country with the intention of
settling
Professional Immigrants - ANSWER qualified professionals with established careers
who come to advance their careers
Forced migration - ANSWER Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice
but to relocate.
Examples of forced migrants? - ANSWER Refugees and asylum seekers
Refugee - ANSWER a person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted on
account of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or
political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality, and is unable to or, owing to
such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country. Established
definition by the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
, Where do refugees usually apply and who approves the annual ceiling? - ANSWER
Usually apply from abroad, sometimes from a "transition country" (refugee camps) and
President and Congress decide annual ceiling
Asylum Seeker - ANSWER a person who flees their country of origin and enters a foreign
country to seek sanctuary, but whose request has yet to be evaluated
The US is obligated to recognize valid claims for asylum under the 1951 UN Convention
Relating to Refugees
A claim is made at a port of entry or within a year of arrival
Period of waiting for determination
Recent and proposed shifts in asylum processes
Who makes the determination of voluntary vs. forced migration - ANSWER Host country
Determinations are what? - ANSWER Politically motivated
US has granted status to individuals from nation-states we what? - ANSWER disagree
with ideologically (Cuba) and deny individuals from governments with ideologies we
support (El Salvador & Haiti)
People cannot get refugee status unless what? - ANSWER the host country government
grants it
Temporary Lawful Residents - ANSWER 4%
Have to demonstrate labor shortages
Low and high ends of occupational ladder
1965/1986 immigration laws provided what for TLR? - ANSWER provisions for
importation of temporary foreign workers
Lawful Permanent Residents (25%) - ANSWER Operates through a system of quotas and
preferences established by the Immigration & Nationality Act Of 1990 (family,
employment, protecting refugees, promoting diversity)
Up to 675,000 permanent visas (green cards) per year (permission to work/live for
designated time period. Renewable but states can still be revoked)
Eligible to apply for citizenship after 5 years
Naturalized Citizens (49%) - ANSWER Have to go through the naturalization process
Requirements: LPR for at least 5 years, demonstrate continuous residence, good moral
character (pay taxes, no criminal record), pass civic exam, etc.
Have full access to constitutional rights and duties like voting and serving on juries
Discourse - ANSWER the use of language to communicate in speech and writing
Discourse holds and creates what? - ANSWER Power and knowledge about what is true
What is the prime source for locating discourse on immigration? - ANSWER The media
Media spectacles - ANSWER Events or public performances that receive an inordinate
volume of media attention and public opinion
Where is discourse born in the media? - ANSWER Media spectacles
Media spectacles do what? - ANSWER Transform worldview into "truth". Objectification
of immigrants as it is easier to lack empathy for objects and to pass policy to govern
their behavior
Example of national debate on immigration? - ANSWER Comprehensive immigration
reform and border control
Example of state debates on immigration? - ANSWER Drivers licenses for
undocumented immigrants
Example of local debates on immigration? - ANSWER Sanctuary jurisdiction
The Latino Threat Narrative - ANSWER Latinos are different from past immigrants
Latinos unwilling/incapable of assimilating
Latinos part of an invading force from the south of the border bent on reconquering the
SW and destroying the American way of life
Latinos as a threat to existing institutions (medical, social services, education)
Latinos as criminals
Latinos as security threat (post 9/11)
Past threat narratives - ANSWER The Chinese and Japanese threats, Catholic threat,
Southern and Eastern European threats
Present threat narratives - ANSWER Muslim threat and refugee threat
Internal Migration - ANSWER the movement of people within a nation-state
What is often the first step to international migration? - ANSWER Internal migration
International Migration - ANSWER the movement of people across nation-state
boundaries
,What are some motives for international migration? - ANSWER economic, political,
social, personal
Nation-state - ANSWER a political entity, located within a geographic territory with
enforced borders, where the population shares a sense of culture, ancestry, and destiny
as a people
Sending society/home country/country of origin - ANSWER the nation-states from which
immigrants leave
Where are sending societies usually found? - ANSWER Global south
Immigrants leaving sending society are usually... - ANSWER positively selected in terms
of human capital and motivation (those who migrate are not the poorest or the sickest)
Receiving society/host country - ANSWER nation-states in which immigrants work, live,
and settle on a temporary, semi-permanent, or permanent basis
Where are host-societies usually found? - ANSWER Global North
Voluntary migrant - ANSWER A person leaving his or her place of residence in order to
improve his or her quality of life, often for the purpose of employment.
Examples of voluntary migrants? - ANSWER labor migrants and immigrants
Labor migrant - ANSWER a person who migrates to another country to temporarily seek
employment. Generally enter bottom level of the labor market
or a guest worker
Guest Workers - ANSWER granted temporary status to complete a work task during a
specific time period
Immigrant - ANSWER a person who migrates to another country with the intention of
settling
Professional Immigrants - ANSWER qualified professionals with established careers
who come to advance their careers
Forced migration - ANSWER Human migration flows in which the movers have no choice
but to relocate.
Examples of forced migrants? - ANSWER Refugees and asylum seekers
Refugee - ANSWER a person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted on
account of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or
political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality, and is unable to or, owing to
such fear, is unwilling to avail themselves of the protection of that country. Established
definition by the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
, Where do refugees usually apply and who approves the annual ceiling? - ANSWER
Usually apply from abroad, sometimes from a "transition country" (refugee camps) and
President and Congress decide annual ceiling
Asylum Seeker - ANSWER a person who flees their country of origin and enters a foreign
country to seek sanctuary, but whose request has yet to be evaluated
The US is obligated to recognize valid claims for asylum under the 1951 UN Convention
Relating to Refugees
A claim is made at a port of entry or within a year of arrival
Period of waiting for determination
Recent and proposed shifts in asylum processes
Who makes the determination of voluntary vs. forced migration - ANSWER Host country
Determinations are what? - ANSWER Politically motivated
US has granted status to individuals from nation-states we what? - ANSWER disagree
with ideologically (Cuba) and deny individuals from governments with ideologies we
support (El Salvador & Haiti)
People cannot get refugee status unless what? - ANSWER the host country government
grants it
Temporary Lawful Residents - ANSWER 4%
Have to demonstrate labor shortages
Low and high ends of occupational ladder
1965/1986 immigration laws provided what for TLR? - ANSWER provisions for
importation of temporary foreign workers
Lawful Permanent Residents (25%) - ANSWER Operates through a system of quotas and
preferences established by the Immigration & Nationality Act Of 1990 (family,
employment, protecting refugees, promoting diversity)
Up to 675,000 permanent visas (green cards) per year (permission to work/live for
designated time period. Renewable but states can still be revoked)
Eligible to apply for citizenship after 5 years
Naturalized Citizens (49%) - ANSWER Have to go through the naturalization process
Requirements: LPR for at least 5 years, demonstrate continuous residence, good moral
character (pay taxes, no criminal record), pass civic exam, etc.
Have full access to constitutional rights and duties like voting and serving on juries
