NSG 255 EOC CORE QUESTIONS WITH SOLUTIONS 2025
GRADED A+
✔✔The nurse is administering medication to an older adult patient. Which consideration
most related to aging should the nurse monitor when administering medications? -
✔✔The ability of the medication to metabolize.
Because the liver mass shrinks and hepatic blood flow and enzyme activity decrease in
older adults, metabolism of drugs drops 1/2 to 2/3 of the rate of young adults. This
increases the chance of drug toxicity and adverse drug events.
✔✔The nurse is planning discharge for a frail older adult patient covered under
Medicare Part A. Which medical supply would be covered if needed? - ✔✔Durable
medical equipment, such as a walker used daily, is covered by Medicare Part A, but
home safety equipment is not. Medicare Part A does not cover hearing aids, dentures,
or eyeglasses.
✔✔A patient has a history of hypertension and type 1 diabetes. The patient exercises
and eats a healthy diet. Which factors will most likely have a positive impact on biologic
aging? - ✔✔Biologic aging is the progressive loss of function. Obesity, diabetes,
hypertension, and cancer are all associated with the negative effects of aging. Exercise,
good nutrition, social support, stress management, and coping resources are all positive
factors related to the aging process.
✔✔The nurse is developing a plan of care for an older adult patient. What must the
nurse include in the plan of care? - ✔✔Additional time related to declining energy
reserves.
Additional time is required with older patients with declining energy reserves. Patient
priorities are considered to best meet the patient needs but will not be the only focus of
care. Focusing on strengths and abilities as well as physical and mental status will
facilitate goal setting to reduce disease or problems. As with all patients, safety is a
primary concern. Decreasing tobacco use will improve all the patient's body functioning.
✔✔A nurse is caring for an adult who sustained a severe traumatic brain injury following
a motor vehicle accident. Which type of practice setting will the nurse prepare the
patient for on discharge? - ✔✔Acute rehabilitation practice settings provide a postacute
level of care specializing in therapies for patients with neurologic or physical injuries,
such as those with head trauma, spinal cord injury, or stroke.
✔✔A nurse who is providing care for an older adult patient recognizes the need to
maximize the patient's mobility during recovery from surgery. What accurately describes
the best rationale for the nurse's actions? - ✔✔Older adults are highly susceptible to
deconditioning, a process that can be slowed or prevented by regular physical activity.
,This consideration supersedes any possible effect on pharmacokinetics, prevention of
cognitive deficits, or the patient's sense of purpose.
✔✔Which criterion must a 65-yr-old person meet in order to qualify for Medicare
funding? - ✔✔To qualify for Medicare, a person must be entitled to receive Social
Security benefits. Absence of caregivers and inadequate responses to treatment are not
qualification criteria for Medicare, and the program does not cover residential care
services.
✔✔what are the vaccines for older adults? - ✔✔influenza, pneumococcal, herpes
zoster, tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis (Td/Tdap), and hepatitis A and B
✔✔primary prevention of chronic illness - ✔✔refers to measures such as eating a
healthy diet, getting proper exercise, and receiving immunizations that prevent a
specific disease.
✔✔secondary prevention of chronic illness - ✔✔refers to actions aimed at health
screening and early detection of disease. This can lead to interventions to prevent
disease progression, such as colon cancer screening or breast cancer screening
✔✔tertiary prevention of chronic illness - ✔✔refers to activities that limit disease
progression such as rehabilitation
✔✔The fastest-growing segment of older Americans is people ages - ✔✔85 or older
✔✔what % of the US population is over 65? - ✔✔14.9%
✔✔who is old? - ✔✔The answer to this question often depends on the respondent's age
and attitude. Your "real" age is set by a date in time. Many factors influence how "old"
you feel. These include emotional and physical health, developmental stage,
socioeconomic status, culture, and ethnicity.
✔✔Biologic aging is a multifactorial process involving - ✔✔genetics, diet, and
environment
✔✔What are the most common chronic conditions of older adults? - ✔✔hypertension,
heart failure, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
cancer, diabetes, and osteoarthritis
✔✔what type of memories decline during old age and what type of memories are not
affected by age? - ✔✔short term recall declines; long term recall is not impacted
, ✔✔what are the Key barriers to health care access for rural older adults? -
✔✔transportation, limited supply of health care workers and facilities, lack of quality
health care, social isolation, and financial limitations
✔✔The # of homeless older adults is rising. What are the key factors? - ✔✔(1) having a
low income, (2) having reduced cognitive capacity, (3) living alone, and (4) living in a
community that lacks affordable housing.
✔✔Frailty manifests with 3 or more of these criteria - ✔✔(1) unintentional weight loss
(10 pounds or more in a year); (2) self-reported exhaustion; (3) weakness (measured by
grip strength); (4) slow walking speed; and (5) low level of physical activity.
✔✔who is most at risk for frailty? - ✔✔old-old adults
multiple chronic illnesses
disability
dementia
smokers
depression
long term mental health problems
underweight
✔✔SCALES Nutritional Assessment - ✔✔Sadness, or mood change
Cholesterol, high
Albumin, low
Loss or gain of weight
Eating problems (e.g., mechanical problems, such as impaired swallowing, poor
dentition)
Shopping and food preparation problems
✔✔What is ACES? - ✔✔Advancing Care Excellence for Seniors
✔✔A for ACES - ✔✔Assess function and expectations
-look at ADLs, physical, emotional, socio-economic
-prioritize their expectations
-what do they want?
✔✔C for ACES - ✔✔Coordinate and Manage Care
-multiple health problems
-geriatric syndrome
-polypharmacy
✔✔E for ACES - ✔✔Evolving Knowledge
-not just an older adult; they have unique needs as an individual
-time of transitions in life
GRADED A+
✔✔The nurse is administering medication to an older adult patient. Which consideration
most related to aging should the nurse monitor when administering medications? -
✔✔The ability of the medication to metabolize.
Because the liver mass shrinks and hepatic blood flow and enzyme activity decrease in
older adults, metabolism of drugs drops 1/2 to 2/3 of the rate of young adults. This
increases the chance of drug toxicity and adverse drug events.
✔✔The nurse is planning discharge for a frail older adult patient covered under
Medicare Part A. Which medical supply would be covered if needed? - ✔✔Durable
medical equipment, such as a walker used daily, is covered by Medicare Part A, but
home safety equipment is not. Medicare Part A does not cover hearing aids, dentures,
or eyeglasses.
✔✔A patient has a history of hypertension and type 1 diabetes. The patient exercises
and eats a healthy diet. Which factors will most likely have a positive impact on biologic
aging? - ✔✔Biologic aging is the progressive loss of function. Obesity, diabetes,
hypertension, and cancer are all associated with the negative effects of aging. Exercise,
good nutrition, social support, stress management, and coping resources are all positive
factors related to the aging process.
✔✔The nurse is developing a plan of care for an older adult patient. What must the
nurse include in the plan of care? - ✔✔Additional time related to declining energy
reserves.
Additional time is required with older patients with declining energy reserves. Patient
priorities are considered to best meet the patient needs but will not be the only focus of
care. Focusing on strengths and abilities as well as physical and mental status will
facilitate goal setting to reduce disease or problems. As with all patients, safety is a
primary concern. Decreasing tobacco use will improve all the patient's body functioning.
✔✔A nurse is caring for an adult who sustained a severe traumatic brain injury following
a motor vehicle accident. Which type of practice setting will the nurse prepare the
patient for on discharge? - ✔✔Acute rehabilitation practice settings provide a postacute
level of care specializing in therapies for patients with neurologic or physical injuries,
such as those with head trauma, spinal cord injury, or stroke.
✔✔A nurse who is providing care for an older adult patient recognizes the need to
maximize the patient's mobility during recovery from surgery. What accurately describes
the best rationale for the nurse's actions? - ✔✔Older adults are highly susceptible to
deconditioning, a process that can be slowed or prevented by regular physical activity.
,This consideration supersedes any possible effect on pharmacokinetics, prevention of
cognitive deficits, or the patient's sense of purpose.
✔✔Which criterion must a 65-yr-old person meet in order to qualify for Medicare
funding? - ✔✔To qualify for Medicare, a person must be entitled to receive Social
Security benefits. Absence of caregivers and inadequate responses to treatment are not
qualification criteria for Medicare, and the program does not cover residential care
services.
✔✔what are the vaccines for older adults? - ✔✔influenza, pneumococcal, herpes
zoster, tetanus/diphtheria/pertussis (Td/Tdap), and hepatitis A and B
✔✔primary prevention of chronic illness - ✔✔refers to measures such as eating a
healthy diet, getting proper exercise, and receiving immunizations that prevent a
specific disease.
✔✔secondary prevention of chronic illness - ✔✔refers to actions aimed at health
screening and early detection of disease. This can lead to interventions to prevent
disease progression, such as colon cancer screening or breast cancer screening
✔✔tertiary prevention of chronic illness - ✔✔refers to activities that limit disease
progression such as rehabilitation
✔✔The fastest-growing segment of older Americans is people ages - ✔✔85 or older
✔✔what % of the US population is over 65? - ✔✔14.9%
✔✔who is old? - ✔✔The answer to this question often depends on the respondent's age
and attitude. Your "real" age is set by a date in time. Many factors influence how "old"
you feel. These include emotional and physical health, developmental stage,
socioeconomic status, culture, and ethnicity.
✔✔Biologic aging is a multifactorial process involving - ✔✔genetics, diet, and
environment
✔✔What are the most common chronic conditions of older adults? - ✔✔hypertension,
heart failure, coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),
cancer, diabetes, and osteoarthritis
✔✔what type of memories decline during old age and what type of memories are not
affected by age? - ✔✔short term recall declines; long term recall is not impacted
, ✔✔what are the Key barriers to health care access for rural older adults? -
✔✔transportation, limited supply of health care workers and facilities, lack of quality
health care, social isolation, and financial limitations
✔✔The # of homeless older adults is rising. What are the key factors? - ✔✔(1) having a
low income, (2) having reduced cognitive capacity, (3) living alone, and (4) living in a
community that lacks affordable housing.
✔✔Frailty manifests with 3 or more of these criteria - ✔✔(1) unintentional weight loss
(10 pounds or more in a year); (2) self-reported exhaustion; (3) weakness (measured by
grip strength); (4) slow walking speed; and (5) low level of physical activity.
✔✔who is most at risk for frailty? - ✔✔old-old adults
multiple chronic illnesses
disability
dementia
smokers
depression
long term mental health problems
underweight
✔✔SCALES Nutritional Assessment - ✔✔Sadness, or mood change
Cholesterol, high
Albumin, low
Loss or gain of weight
Eating problems (e.g., mechanical problems, such as impaired swallowing, poor
dentition)
Shopping and food preparation problems
✔✔What is ACES? - ✔✔Advancing Care Excellence for Seniors
✔✔A for ACES - ✔✔Assess function and expectations
-look at ADLs, physical, emotional, socio-economic
-prioritize their expectations
-what do they want?
✔✔C for ACES - ✔✔Coordinate and Manage Care
-multiple health problems
-geriatric syndrome
-polypharmacy
✔✔E for ACES - ✔✔Evolving Knowledge
-not just an older adult; they have unique needs as an individual
-time of transitions in life
