Microbiology Chapter 3:Questions and Answers
2 types of bacterial cell walls - ansGram-positive and Gram-negative
3 mechanisms of active transport - ans1. uniport - one chemical at a time
2. antiport - 2 chemicals in opposite directions
3. uniport couple with a symport - - 2 substances in the same direction
3 parts of a flagella - ansfilament, hook, basal body
4 functions of a cell wall - ans1. provide structure and shape to the cell
2. protect the cell from osmotic forces
3.assists in attaching to other cells
4. resists antimicrobial drugs
4 Processes of Life - ansgrowth, reproduction, responsiveness, metabolism
analagous structures - anssimilar structure without having a common ancestor
bacilli - ansrod-shaped cells that appear singly or in chains
biofilms - ansslimy masses of microbes adhering to a substrate by means of fimbriae and glycocalyces
capsule - ansa glycocalyx of a bacterium composed of organic chemicals firmly attached to the cell surface
chemotaxis - ansmovement in response to a chemical stimulus
, cocci - ansspherical cells that appear singly, in chains, clusters, or cuboidal packets
concentration gradient - ansdifference in concentration of a chemical on the two sides of a membrane
cytoplasm - ansgelatinous material inside a cell
cytoplasmic membrane - ansbeneath the glcocalyx and the cell wall, also called the cell membrane or plasma
membrane
cytoskeleton - ansinternal network of fibers in a cell, helps to form a cell's basic shape
cytosol - ansliquid portion of the cytoplasm
desciccation - ansdrying out
diffusion - ansnet movement of a chemical from an area of higher concentration to and area of lower
concentration
electrical gradient - ansvoltage across the membrane
endocytosis - ansactive transport that occurs when pseudopodia surround a substance and bring it into a cell
endoflagella - ansflagella that spiral tightly around a cell instead of protruding
endospore - ansa structure produced by some bacteria to defend it from hostile conditions
eukaryote - anskind of cell with a nucleus
2 types of bacterial cell walls - ansGram-positive and Gram-negative
3 mechanisms of active transport - ans1. uniport - one chemical at a time
2. antiport - 2 chemicals in opposite directions
3. uniport couple with a symport - - 2 substances in the same direction
3 parts of a flagella - ansfilament, hook, basal body
4 functions of a cell wall - ans1. provide structure and shape to the cell
2. protect the cell from osmotic forces
3.assists in attaching to other cells
4. resists antimicrobial drugs
4 Processes of Life - ansgrowth, reproduction, responsiveness, metabolism
analagous structures - anssimilar structure without having a common ancestor
bacilli - ansrod-shaped cells that appear singly or in chains
biofilms - ansslimy masses of microbes adhering to a substrate by means of fimbriae and glycocalyces
capsule - ansa glycocalyx of a bacterium composed of organic chemicals firmly attached to the cell surface
chemotaxis - ansmovement in response to a chemical stimulus
, cocci - ansspherical cells that appear singly, in chains, clusters, or cuboidal packets
concentration gradient - ansdifference in concentration of a chemical on the two sides of a membrane
cytoplasm - ansgelatinous material inside a cell
cytoplasmic membrane - ansbeneath the glcocalyx and the cell wall, also called the cell membrane or plasma
membrane
cytoskeleton - ansinternal network of fibers in a cell, helps to form a cell's basic shape
cytosol - ansliquid portion of the cytoplasm
desciccation - ansdrying out
diffusion - ansnet movement of a chemical from an area of higher concentration to and area of lower
concentration
electrical gradient - ansvoltage across the membrane
endocytosis - ansactive transport that occurs when pseudopodia surround a substance and bring it into a cell
endoflagella - ansflagella that spiral tightly around a cell instead of protruding
endospore - ansa structure produced by some bacteria to defend it from hostile conditions
eukaryote - anskind of cell with a nucleus
