Biology 235 - Midterm 2A Exam Questions with
Accurate Answers
*sacral plexus* - - network formed by the roots (anterior rami) of spinal nerves *L4-L5*
and *S1-S4*
- supply lower limbs, buttock and perineum
- DIAGRAM?
*TIP: sacral plexus with sciatic nerve* look into it
/.what helps enhance sensitivity in a receptor? - DIAGRAM
encapsulated nerve endings
/.zygomaticus major - DIAGRAM
draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling)
/.foliate papillae - DIAGRAM
located on lateral aspects of posterior tongue; question: *degenerate in early childhood
(gone by adulthood)*
/.*central sulcus* - DIAGRAM
*separates frontal and parietal lobes* might be asked like this to identify on diagram
/.What controls Heart Rate /Blood Pressure? - DIAGRAM
medulla oblongata
/.sphenoid bone - DIAGRAM
forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit
/.*Where is the pituitary gland located?* - DIAGRAM
hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the *sphenoid bone.*(locate this)
/.*subarachnoid space* - DIAGRAM
a space in the *meninges* beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater
that contains the cerebrospinal fluid
TIP: Which structures contain cerebrospinal fluid?
/.Which of the structures listed below contains cerebrospinal fluid? - a) Epidural space
b) Subarachnoid space
c) Dural space
d) Meninx
e) Pia mater
Answer: b
This is probably a diagram question
,/.cranial nerve for vision - optic (II) nerve
DIAGRAM
tip: Where the nerve root for the optic nerve is located in the brain?
/.pelvic splanchnic nerves - - innervate part of large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters,
reproductive organs
- DIAGRAM!! urinary bladder diagram (diagram about ANS- pelvic splanchnic nerves
with the sacral spinal cord and the spinal nerve leading to the bladder),
/.hypogastric plexus - supplies pelvic viscera
DIAGRAM?
/.lever - rigid structure that can move around a fixed point called a fulcrum.
- A lever is acted on and at 2 different points by two different forces: effort and load
/.effort - - force which causes movement,
- force exerted by muscular contraction
/.load - - force which opposes movement
- typically the weight of the body part that is moved or some resistance that the moving
body part is trying to overcome, such as the weight of a book when picking it up
/.*when will motion in a muscle occur?* - Motion occurs when the *effort* applied to to
the bone at the insertion *exceeds the load.*
/.Motion will occur in a muscle when the ___ supplied exceeds the ___. - a) effort, load
b) resistance, lever
c) load, effort
d) load, resistance
e) lever, effort
Answer a
/.*prime mover* - aka *agonist *
- muscle that contracts to *cause an action*,
- while the other muscle *the antagonist* stretches and yields to to the effects of the
prime mover
ex: biceps branchi is the agonist and triceps branchi is the antagonist when flexing the
arm
/.The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the - a)
antagonist
b) agonist
c) synergist
d) asynergist
,e) fixator
Answer b
/.In response to a muscle being stretched, a muscle spindle initiates a somatic spinal
reflex that causes - 1. contraction of the agonist muscle.
2. relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
3. contraction of the antagonist muscle.
4. relaxation of the agonist muscle.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 1 and 2
Answer e
/.In response to a tendon being stretched excessively, a tendon organ initiates a
somatic spinal reflex that causes - 1. contraction of the agonist muscle.
2. relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
3. contraction of the antagonist muscle.
4. relaxation of the agonist muscle.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 3 and 4
Answer e
/.vastus (name of muscle - meaning) - meaning: huge
/.A muscle that has three origins is called a - a) biceps.
b) triceps
c) quadriceps
d) deltoid
e) trapezius
Answer b
/.bicep brachii insertion - *radial tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis*(fibrous
tissue that takes the place of a tendon)
- it is the large muscle in the anterior surface of arm
/.tricep brachii insertion - *olecranon process of ulna*
- it is the large muscle in the posterior surface of the arm
, /.deltoid insertion - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
/.All of the following are muscles of the lower limb EXCEPT the - a) deltoid
b) adductor magnus
c) adductor longus
d) quadriceps femoris
e) vastus medialis.
Answer a
/.*muscle that flexes the thigh?* - *rectus femoris of the quadriceps femoris.*
Note: The quadriceps femoris is a composite muscle that is composed of 4 separate
muscles. All 4 heads extend leg at knee joint. Only rectus femoris acting along flexes
thigh at hip joint.
/.Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group? -
a) rectus femoris
b) biceps femoris
c) vastus medialis
d) vastus lateralis
e) vastus intermedius
Answer: b
/.central nervous system(CNS) - brain and spinal cord
/.peripheral nervous system(PNS) - - consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS
- Components include: nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses, and sensory receptors.
- The PNS is divided into a somatic nervous system(SNS), an autonomic nervous
system (ANS), and an enteric nervous system (ENS)-
/.somatic nervous system(SNS) - the division of the PNS controls the body's skeletal
muscles; voluntary
-consists of *sensory neurons* and *motor neurons*
- sensory neurons convey info to CNS for special senses of taste, smell, hearing and
vision
/.autonomic nervous system(ANS) - the division of PNS that controls the glands and the
muscles of the internal organs
- consists of sensory neurons and motor neurons (consist of sympathetic division and
parasympathetic division)
- dual innervation: they receive impulses from both sympathetic and parasympathetic
neurons.
/.The autonomic nervous system is NOT involved in controlling - a) exocrine glands.
b) skeletal muscle.
Accurate Answers
*sacral plexus* - - network formed by the roots (anterior rami) of spinal nerves *L4-L5*
and *S1-S4*
- supply lower limbs, buttock and perineum
- DIAGRAM?
*TIP: sacral plexus with sciatic nerve* look into it
/.what helps enhance sensitivity in a receptor? - DIAGRAM
encapsulated nerve endings
/.zygomaticus major - DIAGRAM
draws angle of mouth superiorly and laterally (smiling)
/.foliate papillae - DIAGRAM
located on lateral aspects of posterior tongue; question: *degenerate in early childhood
(gone by adulthood)*
/.*central sulcus* - DIAGRAM
*separates frontal and parietal lobes* might be asked like this to identify on diagram
/.What controls Heart Rate /Blood Pressure? - DIAGRAM
medulla oblongata
/.sphenoid bone - DIAGRAM
forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit
/.*Where is the pituitary gland located?* - DIAGRAM
hypophyseal fossa of the sella turcica of the *sphenoid bone.*(locate this)
/.*subarachnoid space* - DIAGRAM
a space in the *meninges* beneath the arachnoid membrane and above the pia mater
that contains the cerebrospinal fluid
TIP: Which structures contain cerebrospinal fluid?
/.Which of the structures listed below contains cerebrospinal fluid? - a) Epidural space
b) Subarachnoid space
c) Dural space
d) Meninx
e) Pia mater
Answer: b
This is probably a diagram question
,/.cranial nerve for vision - optic (II) nerve
DIAGRAM
tip: Where the nerve root for the optic nerve is located in the brain?
/.pelvic splanchnic nerves - - innervate part of large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters,
reproductive organs
- DIAGRAM!! urinary bladder diagram (diagram about ANS- pelvic splanchnic nerves
with the sacral spinal cord and the spinal nerve leading to the bladder),
/.hypogastric plexus - supplies pelvic viscera
DIAGRAM?
/.lever - rigid structure that can move around a fixed point called a fulcrum.
- A lever is acted on and at 2 different points by two different forces: effort and load
/.effort - - force which causes movement,
- force exerted by muscular contraction
/.load - - force which opposes movement
- typically the weight of the body part that is moved or some resistance that the moving
body part is trying to overcome, such as the weight of a book when picking it up
/.*when will motion in a muscle occur?* - Motion occurs when the *effort* applied to to
the bone at the insertion *exceeds the load.*
/.Motion will occur in a muscle when the ___ supplied exceeds the ___. - a) effort, load
b) resistance, lever
c) load, effort
d) load, resistance
e) lever, effort
Answer a
/.*prime mover* - aka *agonist *
- muscle that contracts to *cause an action*,
- while the other muscle *the antagonist* stretches and yields to to the effects of the
prime mover
ex: biceps branchi is the agonist and triceps branchi is the antagonist when flexing the
arm
/.The muscle that serves as the "prime mover" during a movement is called the - a)
antagonist
b) agonist
c) synergist
d) asynergist
,e) fixator
Answer b
/.In response to a muscle being stretched, a muscle spindle initiates a somatic spinal
reflex that causes - 1. contraction of the agonist muscle.
2. relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
3. contraction of the antagonist muscle.
4. relaxation of the agonist muscle.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 1 and 2
Answer e
/.In response to a tendon being stretched excessively, a tendon organ initiates a
somatic spinal reflex that causes - 1. contraction of the agonist muscle.
2. relaxation of the antagonist muscle.
3. contraction of the antagonist muscle.
4. relaxation of the agonist muscle.
a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) 3 only
d) 4 only
e) 3 and 4
Answer e
/.vastus (name of muscle - meaning) - meaning: huge
/.A muscle that has three origins is called a - a) biceps.
b) triceps
c) quadriceps
d) deltoid
e) trapezius
Answer b
/.bicep brachii insertion - *radial tuberosity of radius and bicipital aponeurosis*(fibrous
tissue that takes the place of a tendon)
- it is the large muscle in the anterior surface of arm
/.tricep brachii insertion - *olecranon process of ulna*
- it is the large muscle in the posterior surface of the arm
, /.deltoid insertion - Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
/.All of the following are muscles of the lower limb EXCEPT the - a) deltoid
b) adductor magnus
c) adductor longus
d) quadriceps femoris
e) vastus medialis.
Answer a
/.*muscle that flexes the thigh?* - *rectus femoris of the quadriceps femoris.*
Note: The quadriceps femoris is a composite muscle that is composed of 4 separate
muscles. All 4 heads extend leg at knee joint. Only rectus femoris acting along flexes
thigh at hip joint.
/.Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris muscle group? -
a) rectus femoris
b) biceps femoris
c) vastus medialis
d) vastus lateralis
e) vastus intermedius
Answer: b
/.central nervous system(CNS) - brain and spinal cord
/.peripheral nervous system(PNS) - - consists of all nervous tissue outside the CNS
- Components include: nerves, ganglia, enteric plexuses, and sensory receptors.
- The PNS is divided into a somatic nervous system(SNS), an autonomic nervous
system (ANS), and an enteric nervous system (ENS)-
/.somatic nervous system(SNS) - the division of the PNS controls the body's skeletal
muscles; voluntary
-consists of *sensory neurons* and *motor neurons*
- sensory neurons convey info to CNS for special senses of taste, smell, hearing and
vision
/.autonomic nervous system(ANS) - the division of PNS that controls the glands and the
muscles of the internal organs
- consists of sensory neurons and motor neurons (consist of sympathetic division and
parasympathetic division)
- dual innervation: they receive impulses from both sympathetic and parasympathetic
neurons.
/.The autonomic nervous system is NOT involved in controlling - a) exocrine glands.
b) skeletal muscle.
