MATH 225
Statistical Reasoning in the Health Sciences
Final Exams Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate to
use when data is skewed?
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Range
ANS: b. Median
Rationale: The median is less affected by outliers and skewed
data than the mean.
©2025
, 2. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within
one standard deviation of the mean?
a. 50%
b. 68%
c. 95%
d. 99%
ANS: b. 68%
Rationale: In a normal distribution, approximately 68% of the
data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.
3. Which type of hypothesis test is used to compare the means
of two independent groups?
a. Paired t-test
b. Independent t-test
c. Chi-square test
d. ANOVA
ANS: b. Independent t-test
Rationale: An independent t-test compares the means of two
independent groups.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:
©2025
, 4. The ________ is a measure of the strength and direction of
the linear relationship between two variables.
ANS: Correlation coefficient
Rationale: The correlation coefficient (often denoted as "r")
measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship
between two variables.
5. A ________ is a graphical representation of the distribution
of a dataset.
ANS: Histogram
Rationale: A histogram is a graphical representation that shows
the frequency of data points within specified ranges.
True/False Questions:
6. A p-value less than 0.05 indicates that the null hypothesis
should be accepted.
ANS: False
Rationale: A p-value less than 0.05 indicates that the null
hypothesis should be rejected, as it suggests that the observed
results are statistically significant.
7. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), randomization helps
to reduce selection bias.
ANS: True
©2025
Statistical Reasoning in the Health Sciences
Final Exams Review (Qns & Ans)
2025
1. Which measure of central tendency is most appropriate to
use when data is skewed?
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Mode
d. Range
ANS: b. Median
Rationale: The median is less affected by outliers and skewed
data than the mean.
©2025
, 2. In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within
one standard deviation of the mean?
a. 50%
b. 68%
c. 95%
d. 99%
ANS: b. 68%
Rationale: In a normal distribution, approximately 68% of the
data falls within one standard deviation of the mean.
3. Which type of hypothesis test is used to compare the means
of two independent groups?
a. Paired t-test
b. Independent t-test
c. Chi-square test
d. ANOVA
ANS: b. Independent t-test
Rationale: An independent t-test compares the means of two
independent groups.
Fill-in-the-Blank Questions:
©2025
, 4. The ________ is a measure of the strength and direction of
the linear relationship between two variables.
ANS: Correlation coefficient
Rationale: The correlation coefficient (often denoted as "r")
measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship
between two variables.
5. A ________ is a graphical representation of the distribution
of a dataset.
ANS: Histogram
Rationale: A histogram is a graphical representation that shows
the frequency of data points within specified ranges.
True/False Questions:
6. A p-value less than 0.05 indicates that the null hypothesis
should be accepted.
ANS: False
Rationale: A p-value less than 0.05 indicates that the null
hypothesis should be rejected, as it suggests that the observed
results are statistically significant.
7. In a randomized controlled trial (RCT), randomization helps
to reduce selection bias.
ANS: True
©2025
