AQA A LEVEL PSYCHOLOGY PAPER
2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Give one reason why schema's are useful? - (correct answer) -When
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
we're in unknown situations schemas help us know how to behave. So
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
when we do not know what to do our schema fills in the gaps for us
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
and allow us to process situations better.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Give one reason why schema's are not useful? - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
schemas may exclude information which doesn't conform to our prior
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
expectations. As a result, we may form stereotypes which are difficult
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
to shift, even if new,disputing information is presented. This means
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
we may not be processing the world around us accurately and may
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
misjudge or represent a person or situation.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Discuss the defense mechanism shown by Jed? - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Displacement is when we redirect our hostile feelings onto something ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
else because it is not appropriate to express their feeling towards the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
person or object in question. Jed can't take his frustration out on his
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
teacher, who issued the detention and he displaced his feelings by
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
kicking the locker.
ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach,
ji ji ji ji
(A01 Behaviourist) - (correct answer) -The behaviourist approach
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
suggests that the basic processes that govern learning in all species
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
are the same. We learn through two concepts: operant conditioning
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
and classical conditioning.
ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach, (classical conditioning) - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
The idea of classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov who found
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
that we learn through association. He found that it was possible to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
condition dogs to associate the sound of a bell with food. This
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
resulted in the dogs producing a salivation response at the sound of a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
bell even when no food was present. Pavlov demonstrated that
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
, ji repeated exposure to an event leads to a learned and uncontrollable
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ji behaviour.
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach, (operant conditioning) - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Skinner suggested behaviour resulted from learning through the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
consequences of our actions. He conducted research into operant
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
conditioning theory using rats, and found that three types of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
consequences will affect behaviour: positive reinforcement involves
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
rewarding a behaviour, which increases it being repeated; negative
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant outcome to increase
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
it being repeated; punishment involves adding an unpleasant
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
outcome,reducing the behaviour.
ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach, (similarity to biological) - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Both the behaviourist approach and biological approach share a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
similarity in being determinist. Both ignore the influence that the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
person can have and whether they have free will and can make their
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
own choices in these decisions.
ji ji ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach, (difference) - (correct answer) -However,
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
they differ in that the behaviourist approach is environmentally
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
determinist while the biological approach is biologically determinist.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Stating that behaviour is the product of internal biological factors
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
(e.g. genes, hormones, neurotransmitters, etc.) while behaviourists
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
argue that behaviour is determined by the environment and is a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
product of stimulus-response associations
ji ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach (similarity) - (correct answer) -Both
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
approaches take a nomothetic approach when studying human
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour. Both investigate behaviour to try to create universal laws
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
that apply to all human beings. Biologists argue that this is possible
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
because human beings share similar physiologies, and behaviourists
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
argue that this is possible because all behaviour is the result of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
learning and stimulus-response associations. Therefore, the aim of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
generating universal laws that apply to all humans is another
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
similarity between the behaviourist and biological approaches.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
2 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Give one reason why schema's are useful? - (correct answer) -When
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
we're in unknown situations schemas help us know how to behave. So
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
when we do not know what to do our schema fills in the gaps for us
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
and allow us to process situations better.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Give one reason why schema's are not useful? - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
schemas may exclude information which doesn't conform to our prior
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
expectations. As a result, we may form stereotypes which are difficult
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
to shift, even if new,disputing information is presented. This means
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
we may not be processing the world around us accurately and may
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
misjudge or represent a person or situation.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Discuss the defense mechanism shown by Jed? - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Displacement is when we redirect our hostile feelings onto something ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
else because it is not appropriate to express their feeling towards the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
person or object in question. Jed can't take his frustration out on his
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
teacher, who issued the detention and he displaced his feelings by
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
kicking the locker.
ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach,
ji ji ji ji
(A01 Behaviourist) - (correct answer) -The behaviourist approach
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
suggests that the basic processes that govern learning in all species
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
are the same. We learn through two concepts: operant conditioning
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
and classical conditioning.
ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach, (classical conditioning) - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
The idea of classical conditioning was developed by Pavlov who found
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
that we learn through association. He found that it was possible to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
condition dogs to associate the sound of a bell with food. This
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
resulted in the dogs producing a salivation response at the sound of a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
bell even when no food was present. Pavlov demonstrated that
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
, ji repeated exposure to an event leads to a learned and uncontrollable
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
ji behaviour.
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach, (operant conditioning) - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Skinner suggested behaviour resulted from learning through the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
consequences of our actions. He conducted research into operant
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
conditioning theory using rats, and found that three types of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
consequences will affect behaviour: positive reinforcement involves
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
rewarding a behaviour, which increases it being repeated; negative
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant outcome to increase
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
it being repeated; punishment involves adding an unpleasant
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
outcome,reducing the behaviour.
ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach, (similarity to biological) - (correct answer) -
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Both the behaviourist approach and biological approach share a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
similarity in being determinist. Both ignore the influence that the
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
person can have and whether they have free will and can make their
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
own choices in these decisions.
ji ji ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach, (difference) - (correct answer) -However,
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
they differ in that the behaviourist approach is environmentally
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
determinist while the biological approach is biologically determinist.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
Stating that behaviour is the product of internal biological factors
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
(e.g. genes, hormones, neurotransmitters, etc.) while behaviourists
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
argue that behaviour is determined by the environment and is a
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
product of stimulus-response associations
ji ji ji ji
Outline the key features of the behaviourist approach. Compare to
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
the biological approach (similarity) - (correct answer) -Both
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
approaches take a nomothetic approach when studying human
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
behaviour. Both investigate behaviour to try to create universal laws
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
that apply to all human beings. Biologists argue that this is possible
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
because human beings share similar physiologies, and behaviourists
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
argue that this is possible because all behaviour is the result of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
learning and stimulus-response associations. Therefore, the aim of
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
generating universal laws that apply to all humans is another
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
similarity between the behaviourist and biological approaches.
ji ji ji ji ji ji ji
