Biology Major Field Test Study Set
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
"4 Biomolecules and Monomers - CORRECT ANSWER - Protein (amino acids)
Carbohydrates (simple sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)"
dipeptides - CORRECT ANSWER - two amino acids bonded together
what is the general fatty acid formula - CORRECT ANSWER - CH3(CH2)nCOOH where
n= an even number between 12 and 24
explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER - saturated: only
single bonds in hydrocarbon chain... unsaturated: one or more double bonds
glycerides - CORRECT ANSWER - glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Levels of Protein Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-
helices or beta-pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit structure
nucleotide is composed of - CORRECT ANSWER - phosphate group; sugar group;
nitrogenous base
Vmax - CORRECT ANSWER - maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is
saturated with enzyme
Feedback Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER - end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn.
blocks original enz.
,Competitive Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER - molecules compete with substrate for
enzyme's active sites
irreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - chemically and covalently bind to active
site; rendering it permanently inactive
psuedoirreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - extremely high affinities for active
site; hard to displace
noncompetitive inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - do not compete for active site but act
elsewhere on enz.; altering 3D shape
photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - anabolic process that converts sunlight into
energy stored in the phosphate bonds of ATP, then more permanently stored in bonds of organic
carbon compounds
electron transport chain - CORRECT ANSWER - series of carrier molecules on the inner
mitochondrial membrane which pass electrons through enzymes that pump protons to one side of
the membrane, creating a proton gradient
chemiosmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient, to
generate energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic movement of protons down the
gradient to store energy by converting ADP to ATP
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide that stores
energy in it's phosphate bonds.
fermentation - CORRECT ANSWER - glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the
formation of ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include the Kreb's cycle (producing
CO2) or the ETC.
, occluding/tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER - nothing can diffuse between cells or
past junction
anchoring junctions - CORRECT ANSWER - physical joining so cells do not shear away
communicating junctions - CORRECT ANSWER - gap junctions are formed by proteins
called connexins that allow for undisrupted and very fast signal transmission
plasmodesmata - CORRECT ANSWER - plant cells' equivalent of gap junctions
G-actin - CORRECT ANSWER - globular monomer
F-actin - CORRECT ANSWER - long filament
microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER - cellular conveyor belts
microtubule assoc. proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - attach to tubulin on one end and
cargo on the other dyneins: pull to center kinesins: outside"
9+2 structure - CORRECT ANSWER - 9 prs microtubules surrounding 2 central
microtubules for stability (structure of cilia&flagella)
basal bodies - CORRECT ANSWER - microtubule triplets; anchor cilia/flagella;
foundation for new microtubules
centrioles - CORRECT ANSWER - anchor microtubules growing into mitotic spindle
intermediate filaments - CORRECT ANSWER - thin fibers wound together in tight coils;
membrane stability
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
"4 Biomolecules and Monomers - CORRECT ANSWER - Protein (amino acids)
Carbohydrates (simple sugars) Lipids (glycerol and fatty acids) Nuclei acids (nucleotides)"
dipeptides - CORRECT ANSWER - two amino acids bonded together
what is the general fatty acid formula - CORRECT ANSWER - CH3(CH2)nCOOH where
n= an even number between 12 and 24
explain identifying saturated vs. unsaturated fats - CORRECT ANSWER - saturated: only
single bonds in hydrocarbon chain... unsaturated: one or more double bonds
glycerides - CORRECT ANSWER - glycerol and 3 fatty acids
Levels of Protein Structure - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. order of amino acids 2. alpha-
helices or beta-pleated sheets 3. bonding b/w a.a. side chains 4. multi-subunit structure
nucleotide is composed of - CORRECT ANSWER - phosphate group; sugar group;
nitrogenous base
Vmax - CORRECT ANSWER - maximum reaction rate at which point substrate is
saturated with enzyme
Feedback Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER - end-product of enzyme catalyzed rxn.
blocks original enz.
,Competitive Inhibition - CORRECT ANSWER - molecules compete with substrate for
enzyme's active sites
irreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - chemically and covalently bind to active
site; rendering it permanently inactive
psuedoirreversible inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - extremely high affinities for active
site; hard to displace
noncompetitive inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER - do not compete for active site but act
elsewhere on enz.; altering 3D shape
photosynthesis - CORRECT ANSWER - anabolic process that converts sunlight into
energy stored in the phosphate bonds of ATP, then more permanently stored in bonds of organic
carbon compounds
electron transport chain - CORRECT ANSWER - series of carrier molecules on the inner
mitochondrial membrane which pass electrons through enzymes that pump protons to one side of
the membrane, creating a proton gradient
chemiosmosis - CORRECT ANSWER - the use of a gradient, such as a proton gradient, to
generate energy. The ATP synthase enzyme uses the kinetic movement of protons down the
gradient to store energy by converting ADP to ATP
ATP - CORRECT ANSWER - Adenosine tri phosphate, a modified nucleotide that stores
energy in it's phosphate bonds.
fermentation - CORRECT ANSWER - glycolysis and the additional steps leading to the
formation of ethanol or lactic acid, to make ATP. It does not include the Kreb's cycle (producing
CO2) or the ETC.
, occluding/tight junctions - CORRECT ANSWER - nothing can diffuse between cells or
past junction
anchoring junctions - CORRECT ANSWER - physical joining so cells do not shear away
communicating junctions - CORRECT ANSWER - gap junctions are formed by proteins
called connexins that allow for undisrupted and very fast signal transmission
plasmodesmata - CORRECT ANSWER - plant cells' equivalent of gap junctions
G-actin - CORRECT ANSWER - globular monomer
F-actin - CORRECT ANSWER - long filament
microtubules - CORRECT ANSWER - cellular conveyor belts
microtubule assoc. proteins - CORRECT ANSWER - attach to tubulin on one end and
cargo on the other dyneins: pull to center kinesins: outside"
9+2 structure - CORRECT ANSWER - 9 prs microtubules surrounding 2 central
microtubules for stability (structure of cilia&flagella)
basal bodies - CORRECT ANSWER - microtubule triplets; anchor cilia/flagella;
foundation for new microtubules
centrioles - CORRECT ANSWER - anchor microtubules growing into mitotic spindle
intermediate filaments - CORRECT ANSWER - thin fibers wound together in tight coils;
membrane stability
