NUR 445
NUR 445 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2025
4-12mmHg -Correct Answer ✔What is the normal Wedge pressure?
8-15mmHg -Correct Answer ✔What is the normal PAD pressure?
2-6mmHg -Correct Answer ✔What is the normal CVP?
Fluid volume overload -Correct Answer ✔What does it mean if Wedge/PAD/CVP are
high?
Fluid volume deficit -- either absolute or relative -Correct Answer ✔What does it mean if
Wedge/PAD/CVP are low?
Hemorrhage or dehydration -Correct Answer ✔What are examples of absolute low
Wedge/PAD/CVP?
3rd spacing, vasodilation, medications -Correct Answer ✔What are examples of relative
low Wedge/PAD/CVP?
Accumulation of blood around the pericardial space -Correct Answer ✔What is cardiac
tamponade?
*Beck's Triad* -- JVD, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
*Pulsus paradoxus* -- >10mmHg decrease in SBP on inspiration -Correct Answer
✔What are signs of cardiac tamponade?
Pericardiocentesis, CABG, volume resuscitation -Correct Answer ✔Treatments for
cardiac tamponade include:
A fib, V fib, and V tach resistant to defibrillation -Correct Answer ✔For what cardiac
dysrhythmias is amiodarone indicated for?
Absent or inverted P wave -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of Junctional
rhythms?
Hypoxemia, MI -Correct Answer ✔What causes junctional rhythms?
Vagal maneuvers, adenosine -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat junctional rhythms?
Wide QRS -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of PVCs?
NUR 445
, NUR 445
Electrolyte imbalances -Correct Answer ✔What causes PVCs?
>100 bpm with wide QRS -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of V tach?
Defibrillation and/or amiodarone if unsuccessful -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat V
tach?
"Bow tie" pattern on ECG -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of Torsades de
Pointes?
Low magnesium levels -Correct Answer ✔What causes Torsades de Pointes?
Magnesium and amiodarone -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat Torsades?
No discernible rhythm -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of V fib?
Defibrillation -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat V fib?
20-40 bpm with wide QRS -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of Ventricular
Escape?
No rhythm, flat line -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of Asystole?
*H & T's*
Hypovelemia, hypoxia, hypo/hyperkalemia, tension pneumo, thrombosis, tamponade -
Correct Answer ✔What causes Asystole?
First check patient, if unresponsive: Epinephrine and CPR -Correct Answer ✔How do
you treat Asystole?
Long P-R interval (>0.20) -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of 1st degree
block?
Ischemia, drugs (beta blockers, CCB, Dig), MI -Correct Answer ✔What causes 1st
degree block?
Just monitor -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat 1st degree block?
Progressive lengthening of P waves until QRS is missing -Correct Answer ✔What is a
key characteristic of 2nd degree type 1 block?
Treat underlying cause, pace if needed -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat 2nd degree
type 1?
NUR 445
NUR 445 Exam 1 Questions and
Answers 2025
4-12mmHg -Correct Answer ✔What is the normal Wedge pressure?
8-15mmHg -Correct Answer ✔What is the normal PAD pressure?
2-6mmHg -Correct Answer ✔What is the normal CVP?
Fluid volume overload -Correct Answer ✔What does it mean if Wedge/PAD/CVP are
high?
Fluid volume deficit -- either absolute or relative -Correct Answer ✔What does it mean if
Wedge/PAD/CVP are low?
Hemorrhage or dehydration -Correct Answer ✔What are examples of absolute low
Wedge/PAD/CVP?
3rd spacing, vasodilation, medications -Correct Answer ✔What are examples of relative
low Wedge/PAD/CVP?
Accumulation of blood around the pericardial space -Correct Answer ✔What is cardiac
tamponade?
*Beck's Triad* -- JVD, hypotension, muffled heart sounds
*Pulsus paradoxus* -- >10mmHg decrease in SBP on inspiration -Correct Answer
✔What are signs of cardiac tamponade?
Pericardiocentesis, CABG, volume resuscitation -Correct Answer ✔Treatments for
cardiac tamponade include:
A fib, V fib, and V tach resistant to defibrillation -Correct Answer ✔For what cardiac
dysrhythmias is amiodarone indicated for?
Absent or inverted P wave -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of Junctional
rhythms?
Hypoxemia, MI -Correct Answer ✔What causes junctional rhythms?
Vagal maneuvers, adenosine -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat junctional rhythms?
Wide QRS -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of PVCs?
NUR 445
, NUR 445
Electrolyte imbalances -Correct Answer ✔What causes PVCs?
>100 bpm with wide QRS -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of V tach?
Defibrillation and/or amiodarone if unsuccessful -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat V
tach?
"Bow tie" pattern on ECG -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of Torsades de
Pointes?
Low magnesium levels -Correct Answer ✔What causes Torsades de Pointes?
Magnesium and amiodarone -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat Torsades?
No discernible rhythm -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of V fib?
Defibrillation -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat V fib?
20-40 bpm with wide QRS -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of Ventricular
Escape?
No rhythm, flat line -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of Asystole?
*H & T's*
Hypovelemia, hypoxia, hypo/hyperkalemia, tension pneumo, thrombosis, tamponade -
Correct Answer ✔What causes Asystole?
First check patient, if unresponsive: Epinephrine and CPR -Correct Answer ✔How do
you treat Asystole?
Long P-R interval (>0.20) -Correct Answer ✔What is a key characteristic of 1st degree
block?
Ischemia, drugs (beta blockers, CCB, Dig), MI -Correct Answer ✔What causes 1st
degree block?
Just monitor -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat 1st degree block?
Progressive lengthening of P waves until QRS is missing -Correct Answer ✔What is a
key characteristic of 2nd degree type 1 block?
Treat underlying cause, pace if needed -Correct Answer ✔How do you treat 2nd degree
type 1?
NUR 445
