AQA GCSE P.E (Paper 1)
Cranium - ANS -Flat bone that protects the skull
Tendons - ANS -Attach muscle to bone
Ligament - ANS -Attaches a bone to a bone
Flexion - ANS -Decrease in the size of the angle at a joint e.g. bicep curl
Extension - ANS -Increase in the size of the angle at a joint e.g. throwing a ball
Adduction - ANS -Movement of a body part towards the body e.g. forehand shot in tennis
Abduction - ANS -Movement of a body part away from the body e.g. backhand shot in tennis
Hinge Joint - ANS -Examples include elbow and the knee. Flexion and extension can occur
here.
Ball and socket joint - ANS -Examples include the hip and shoulder. Abduction, adduction and
rotation can take place here.
Synovial Membrane - ANS -Produces synovial fluid
Synovial fluid - ANS -Provides lubrication at a joint
Dorsiflexion - ANS -Pointing the toes up at the ankle e.g. passing a ball in football.
Plantar flexion - ANS -Pointing the toes down at the ankle e.g. diving from a board
Rotation - ANS -Movement around an axis in a circular motion e.g. bowling in cricket.
Bursae - ANS -Sacks of fluid at a joint that reduce friction
Cartilage - ANS -Prevents friction/bones rubbing together, acts as a shock absorber to allow
easier movement
Joint capsule - ANS -Encloses/supports the joint
, Concentric Contraction - ANS -When the muscle contracts and shortens e.g. when when
bending the elbow the biceps is the agonist
Isometric Contraction - ANS -When the muscle contracts but stays the same length e.g. tug of
war, planking
Eccentric contraction - ANS -When the muscle lengthens (relaxes) e.g. when bending the
elbow, the antagonist is the tricep which lengthens
Agonist (prime mover) - ANS -The prime mover or agonist is the muscle which initially contracts
to start the movement e.g. biceps during a dumbbell curl.
Antagonist - ANS -The muscle that relaxes to allow the movement to take place e.g. triceps
during a dumbbell curl.
Shape - ANS -Function of the skeleton that provides the body with structure. Short bones
enable fine movement an long bones enable gross movements.
Protection - ANS -Function of the skeleton, flat bones protect the body e.g. cranium protects
the brain.
Support - ANS -Function of the skeleton where muscles and bones are kept in place supported
by the skeleton.
Mineral Storage - ANS -Function of the skeleton where the mineral calcium helps with bone
formation.
Movement - ANS -Function of the skeleton where different types of joints allow different types
of movement, muscles and bones work together to pull.
Blood production - ANS -Function of the skeleton where red blood cells are produced in the
bone marrow of long bones.
Talus - ANS -Found at the ankle
Scapula - ANS -Shoulder blade
Humerus - ANS -Long bone found in the arm
Femur and Tibia - ANS -Long bones found in the lower leg
Radius and ulna - ANS -Long bones found in the lower arm
Rib cage - ANS -Flat bone that protects vital organs such as the lungs, heart
Cranium - ANS -Flat bone that protects the skull
Tendons - ANS -Attach muscle to bone
Ligament - ANS -Attaches a bone to a bone
Flexion - ANS -Decrease in the size of the angle at a joint e.g. bicep curl
Extension - ANS -Increase in the size of the angle at a joint e.g. throwing a ball
Adduction - ANS -Movement of a body part towards the body e.g. forehand shot in tennis
Abduction - ANS -Movement of a body part away from the body e.g. backhand shot in tennis
Hinge Joint - ANS -Examples include elbow and the knee. Flexion and extension can occur
here.
Ball and socket joint - ANS -Examples include the hip and shoulder. Abduction, adduction and
rotation can take place here.
Synovial Membrane - ANS -Produces synovial fluid
Synovial fluid - ANS -Provides lubrication at a joint
Dorsiflexion - ANS -Pointing the toes up at the ankle e.g. passing a ball in football.
Plantar flexion - ANS -Pointing the toes down at the ankle e.g. diving from a board
Rotation - ANS -Movement around an axis in a circular motion e.g. bowling in cricket.
Bursae - ANS -Sacks of fluid at a joint that reduce friction
Cartilage - ANS -Prevents friction/bones rubbing together, acts as a shock absorber to allow
easier movement
Joint capsule - ANS -Encloses/supports the joint
, Concentric Contraction - ANS -When the muscle contracts and shortens e.g. when when
bending the elbow the biceps is the agonist
Isometric Contraction - ANS -When the muscle contracts but stays the same length e.g. tug of
war, planking
Eccentric contraction - ANS -When the muscle lengthens (relaxes) e.g. when bending the
elbow, the antagonist is the tricep which lengthens
Agonist (prime mover) - ANS -The prime mover or agonist is the muscle which initially contracts
to start the movement e.g. biceps during a dumbbell curl.
Antagonist - ANS -The muscle that relaxes to allow the movement to take place e.g. triceps
during a dumbbell curl.
Shape - ANS -Function of the skeleton that provides the body with structure. Short bones
enable fine movement an long bones enable gross movements.
Protection - ANS -Function of the skeleton, flat bones protect the body e.g. cranium protects
the brain.
Support - ANS -Function of the skeleton where muscles and bones are kept in place supported
by the skeleton.
Mineral Storage - ANS -Function of the skeleton where the mineral calcium helps with bone
formation.
Movement - ANS -Function of the skeleton where different types of joints allow different types
of movement, muscles and bones work together to pull.
Blood production - ANS -Function of the skeleton where red blood cells are produced in the
bone marrow of long bones.
Talus - ANS -Found at the ankle
Scapula - ANS -Shoulder blade
Humerus - ANS -Long bone found in the arm
Femur and Tibia - ANS -Long bones found in the lower leg
Radius and ulna - ANS -Long bones found in the lower arm
Rib cage - ANS -Flat bone that protects vital organs such as the lungs, heart
