Summary Week 6 Guided Notes - Fundamentals

2/28/2024




ELECTROLYTES
MARIA BOUZA, MSN, APRN, NP-C, CPN
2 POTASSIUM (K+)
"POTASSIUM PUMPS"
• NORMAL RANGE: 3.5- 5 MEQ/L
• THINK HEART
• WHAT DOES IT DO?
• HEART AND MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
• CONTROLS H+ FOR ACID-BASE BALANCE
• WHO REGULATES IT?
• KIDNEYS **KIDNEY FAILURE = INCREASED POTASSIUM
• ALDOSTERONE (PRODUCED BY ADRENALS) ** INCREASED ALDOSTERONE = DECREASED
POTASSIUM
• INSULIN ** INCREASED INSULIN = INCREASED POTASSIUM CELL REUPTAKE

3 HYPERKALEMIA
>5 MEQ/L
1 • WHY?
• RENAL FAILURE
• ACIDOSIS (EX. DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS)
• TOO MUCH POTASSIUM INTAKE
• POTASSIUM SPARING DIURETICS
• HYPOALDOSTERONISM
2 • SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• HEART - TIGHT AND CONTRACTED
• PEAKED T WAVES
• VENTRICULAR ARRYTHMIAS (EX. V FIB, ARREST)
• HYPOTENSION AND BRADYCARDIA
• fil-TIGHT AND CONTRACTED
• DIARRHEA, HYPERACTIVE BOWEL SOUNDS
• NEUROMUSCULAR -TIGHT AND CONTRACTED
• EARLY -MUSCLE TWITCHING AND PARESTHESIA (EXTREMITIES)
• LATE - ASCENDING MUSCLE WEAKNESS= PROFOUND (HEAVINESS FEELING) CAN LEAD
TO RESPIRATORY FAILURE
• INCREASED DEEP TENDON REFLEXES (DTR)
• GU -DECREASED URINARY OUTPUT


4 HYPERKALEMIA INTERVENTIONS
• CARDIAC MONITORING
• EKG
• MONITOR BOWEL SOUNDS




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