NR507 WEEK 1 TEST QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
Type ii pathophysiology - answer-1-complement damages rbc membrane and cells lyse
5-autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor for tsh
Type iii - pathophysiology - answer-complex deposited in small peripheral vessels in
cool temperatures leading to vasoconstriction and blocked circulation
Type iv pathophysiology - answer-t cells attack tissue directly (no antibody)
Type ii examples - answer-1-abo incompatibility
5-graves' disease
Type i examples - answer-hay fever and asthma
Type iii examples - answer-raynaud's phenomenon
Type ii mechanism of action - answer-tissue-specific destruction or impairment because
of:
Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement,
Macrophage phagocytosis, neutrophil destruction, antibody-dependent cell (nk)-
mediated cytotoxicity, or
Antireceptor antibodies
Type iv mechanism of action - answer-cytotoxic t cell-mediated
Type i mechanism of action - answer-ige action on mast cells
Type iii mechanism of action - answer-antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissues
Primary immunodeficiency - answer-- congenital
- usually genetic errors
- lack of b cell and or t cell activity
Secondary immunodeficiency - answer-acquired later in life, loss of immune functioning
as a result of an illness or treatment ex. Cancer, hiv, immune suppressants drugs or
treatment.
Neoplasm (tumor) - answer-abnormal growth of new tissue into a mass; can be benign
or malignant
Benign tumor - answer--slow growing
- well encapsulated/defined
, -does not metastasize
-non invasive, low mitotic index
Malignant tumor - answer--rapid growth
-not encapsulated
-poorly differentiated
-high mitotic index
-can mets.
Carcinoma - answer--90% of cancers, involve epithelial cells of organs & linings.
-adenocarcinoma-ductal and glandular structures
Sarcoma - answer--malignant tumor of connective tissue (bone/muscle)
Leukemia or lymphoma - answer-cancer of blood cells or lymph cells
8-10% of human cancers
Carcinoma insitu (cis) - answer-still confined to the epithelium pre-invasive, has not
broken membrane or invaded yet.
Stage 1 of cancer development - answer-no evidence of invasion
Stage 2 cancer - answer-limited local spread
Stage 3 cancer - answer-spread to regional structures
Stage iv cancer - answer-the cancer has invaded or metastasized to other organs of the
body.
Tnm staging - answer-classifies cancer according to tumor size, node involvement,
metastasis
Tumor staging and grading - answer-t0-t3 varies depending on site, 0 meaning no
involvement and up.
Nodes for staging - answer-0 no involvement, higher number means more lymph node
involvement.
Metastasis staging - answer--m0 is no distant mets
-m1 is distant mets , beyond local lymph nodes
How do regulatory genes cause cancer? - answer-something triggers hyper activation of
proton-oncogenes or deactivation of tumor suppressor genes
Regulatory genes - answer-proto-oncogenes, suppressor genes, anti-apoptosis genes
ANSWERS
Type ii pathophysiology - answer-1-complement damages rbc membrane and cells lyse
5-autoantibodies specific for thyroid tissue impair receptor for tsh
Type iii - pathophysiology - answer-complex deposited in small peripheral vessels in
cool temperatures leading to vasoconstriction and blocked circulation
Type iv pathophysiology - answer-t cells attack tissue directly (no antibody)
Type ii examples - answer-1-abo incompatibility
5-graves' disease
Type i examples - answer-hay fever and asthma
Type iii examples - answer-raynaud's phenomenon
Type ii mechanism of action - answer-tissue-specific destruction or impairment because
of:
Antibody binding followed by lysis via complement,
Macrophage phagocytosis, neutrophil destruction, antibody-dependent cell (nk)-
mediated cytotoxicity, or
Antireceptor antibodies
Type iv mechanism of action - answer-cytotoxic t cell-mediated
Type i mechanism of action - answer-ige action on mast cells
Type iii mechanism of action - answer-antigen-antibody complex deposited in tissues
Primary immunodeficiency - answer-- congenital
- usually genetic errors
- lack of b cell and or t cell activity
Secondary immunodeficiency - answer-acquired later in life, loss of immune functioning
as a result of an illness or treatment ex. Cancer, hiv, immune suppressants drugs or
treatment.
Neoplasm (tumor) - answer-abnormal growth of new tissue into a mass; can be benign
or malignant
Benign tumor - answer--slow growing
- well encapsulated/defined
, -does not metastasize
-non invasive, low mitotic index
Malignant tumor - answer--rapid growth
-not encapsulated
-poorly differentiated
-high mitotic index
-can mets.
Carcinoma - answer--90% of cancers, involve epithelial cells of organs & linings.
-adenocarcinoma-ductal and glandular structures
Sarcoma - answer--malignant tumor of connective tissue (bone/muscle)
Leukemia or lymphoma - answer-cancer of blood cells or lymph cells
8-10% of human cancers
Carcinoma insitu (cis) - answer-still confined to the epithelium pre-invasive, has not
broken membrane or invaded yet.
Stage 1 of cancer development - answer-no evidence of invasion
Stage 2 cancer - answer-limited local spread
Stage 3 cancer - answer-spread to regional structures
Stage iv cancer - answer-the cancer has invaded or metastasized to other organs of the
body.
Tnm staging - answer-classifies cancer according to tumor size, node involvement,
metastasis
Tumor staging and grading - answer-t0-t3 varies depending on site, 0 meaning no
involvement and up.
Nodes for staging - answer-0 no involvement, higher number means more lymph node
involvement.
Metastasis staging - answer--m0 is no distant mets
-m1 is distant mets , beyond local lymph nodes
How do regulatory genes cause cancer? - answer-something triggers hyper activation of
proton-oncogenes or deactivation of tumor suppressor genes
Regulatory genes - answer-proto-oncogenes, suppressor genes, anti-apoptosis genes
