Module 1 - Nursing in Health and Illness II

Complementary therapy methods of treatment used in addition to conventional therapy (allopathic/Western medicine) Alternative therapy (unconventional therapy); methods of treatments used instead of conventional or mainstream therapy (allopathic/Western medicine) Integrated healthcare uses both mainstream medical treatments and CAM therapies to treat a patient Allopathic/western medicine also conventional/mainstream medicine; treat disease with remedies producing effects different from those caused by disease itself; practitioners include medical doctors, nurses, and allied healthcare providers; therapies include drugs, surgery, radiation, and evidence-based practice ayurveda ancient Hindu system of medicine, originating in India; illness is the result of falling out of balance with nature, prescribing a diet, herbal remedies, breath work, physical exercise, yoga, meditation, massage, and a rejuvenation or detoxification program traditional chinese medicine a system of ancient Chinese medicinal treatments including acupuncture, acupressure, diet, herbal therapy, meditation, physical exercise, massage, and qi gong (vital energy) to prevent, diagnose, and treat disease; exercise-stimulation therapy to improve mental focus, control breathing, improve coordination, and promote relaxation chiropractic medicine science that investigates the relationship between structure (the spine) and function (mainly the nervous system) of the human body to restore and preserve health; not always appropriate for osteoporosis, cancer, and back surgery homeopathic developed in 19th century Germany by Samuel Hahnemann's principle of "like cures like," where tiny amounts of substances treat an illness with similar symptoms by triggering the body's natural defenses naturopathic disease prevention is main goal; natural therapies such as nutrition, herbs, hydrotherapy, counseling, physical medicine, and homeopathy to treat disease, promote healing, and prevent illness. American Indian medicine healing herbs and ceremonies combined with a spiritual emphasis are used to treat ailing patients; patient's disease or disorder is believed to be caused by a disharmony in the patient's connection to nature and the spirit world. osteopathic treats person as a whole, recognizing body's ability to heal itself, focus on nutrition, exercise, fitness to prevent illness as well as treat through attitudes and lifestyles regarding personal health and well-being shamanism an animistic religion of northern Asia having the belief that the mediation between the visible and the spirit worlds is effected by shamans folk medicine a form of holistic prevention and treatment that uses old-fashioned remedies and household medicines handed down from generation to generation within a particular culture; illness seen as imbalance between hot/cold, patient/environment, body parts, patient/spirit world; use biologic compounds, foods, herbs to treat physical components of illness, curandero treats supernatural components herbal therapies the use of herbs derived from mostly plant sources that will maintain and restore balance and health; used by more than 70% of world population; may interact with prescription drugs; not a food (have real and serious interaction) Feverfew anti-inflammatory properties; treat migraines, stimulate appetite, promote menstruation, eliminate worms, suppress fever capsaicin ease tenderness and pain of osteoarthritis, fibromyalgia, diabetic neuropathy, shingles garlic reduces low-density lipoprotein and raises high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; reduce blood pressure, suppresses platelet aggregation, increases arterial elasticity, decreases atherosclerotic plaque formation ginkgo biloba improve memory and help cognitive function in Alzheimer's disease; symptoms of claudication ginseng reduce stress and increase alertness; many claims to lower cholesterol, balance blood glucose levels, slow aging process, treat memory loss, treat erectile dysfunction St. John's Wort help mild to moderate depression, may be effective against viral infections, including HIV and herpes Aloe vera soothing agent, used for skin lesions, may absorb toxins, constipation black cohosh ease menopausal symptoms chamomile decrease anxiety, stomach distress, infant colic echinacea antiviral properties, colds, flue, upper respiratory tract infection bee pollen increase energy, stamina, strength ginger reduce nausea and vomiting, hypertension, high cholesterol kava anxiety, insomnia, low energy, muscle tension red yeast rice reduce cholesterol and triglycerides hawthorn mild to moderate heart failure Zinc upper respiratory tract infections progressive muscle relaxation the process of tensing and then relaxing muscle groups, starting at the head and ending at the toes Guided imagery using mental images to promote physical healing or changes in attitudes and behaviors; alleviate stress and stress-related conditions such as insomnia and hypertension; help people with cancer, AIDS, chronic fatigue syndrome, and other disorders by boosting immune system Guided imagery process Comfortable position in quiet environment; close eyes and remain closed until end of exercise; breathe deep in and out counting to four, repeating four times; think of peaceful place and prepare for imaginary journey; picture place and the comfort brought by sounds, feels, and smells; breathe deep and appreciate the sense of deep relaxation; slowly come back to room; slowly open eyes, stretch, and think about relaxation felt Meditation focus attention on single repetitive stimulus to decrease all other stimuli, promoting beneficial mind-body response, induces restful state and lowers heart and respiratory rates; may reduce anxiety Hypnotherapy The use of hypnotic techniques such as relaxation and suggestion to help engineer desirable change such as lower pain or quitting smoking humor activates endorphins, helps increase circulation, aids with breathing, stress relief, assist pain control, utilize muscles, lowers blood pressure, improves immune system prayer practice of expressing a request or appreciation with a higher power; reduces stress, promotes healing, prevent disease yoga a combination of exercise, controlled breathing, posture, and mental focus to bring about positive effects on the body and mind; may regulate blood pressure and heart rate, increase circulation, aid digestion, heal chronic back pain, and help other disorders; promote harmony, health and balance; prevent disease by keeping energy meridians open music therapy prescribed use of music by qualified person to effect positive change in the psychological, cognitive or social functioning of individuals with health or educational problems journaling Self-reflective process of recording thoughts and emotions from day to day, in order to identify patterns storytelling therapeutic method of recalling past experiences or imaginings pet therapy Promotes social interactions and behaviors, increases emotional comfort, decreases loneliness and anxiety, and provides a source of self-esteem and sense of independence art therapy therapeutic approach that allows a person to express troubled feelings without words, using a variety of art materials and media dance therapy A method of psychological treatment in which movement and dance are used to express and deal with feelings and experiences, both positive and negative. play therapy therapeutic process, often used with children, that employs toys to help them resolve psychological problems acupuncture needle insertion along energy pathways called "meridians" to treat pain, chemo nausea and vomiting, pregnancy nausea, post-op nausea, and dental pain acupressure pressure along energy pathways called "meridians" to treat nausea, lower back or neck pain, and menstrual and labor pain massage therapy use of touch by stroking, pressure, friction, and kneading the muscles to relax muscles and decrease stress to achieve therapeutic results; energizes tissue and helps to relieve pain, promote sleep, and improve well-being; relax muscles, reduce anxiety, increase circulation, reduce pain; relieve muscle pain and promote comfort advantages of massage therapy -relieve muscle tension and stress without medication -stimulate circulatory system -produce endorphins contraindications for massage therapy clients with blood clots, certain cancers, certain heart diseases, severe osteoporosis biofeedback -technique trains client to lessen symptoms -control particular internal physiologic processes that normally occur involuntarily, such as heart rate or blood pressure -internal activity recorded on monitor -client practices with information to control involuntary activity (e.g. pain control coping skills) reiki a Japanese technique in which the practitioner transfers healing energy to the patient by means of visualization or gentle touch Qi Gong -form of exercise (stimulation therapy) magnetic therapy A type of therapy in which magnets are placed on the body to penetrate and correct the body's energy fields aquatherapy -relief for arthritis -provides warmth, water movement (massage), buoyancy -release endorphins -increase blood flow (vasodilation), increasing tissue healing aromatherapy oils from plants absorbed through skin and inhaled; evoke pleasant feelings r/t past experiences and emotions Benefits of complementary and alternative medicine -clients more knowledgeable on health -cheaper -more accessible -self-determination -personal touch