Bio 235 Midterm 1 Questions with
correct Answers
metabolism - Correct Answers -sum of al chemical processes
catabolism - Correct Answers -that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism - Correct Answers -the process of building up larger molecules from smaller
ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size - Correct Answers -1. increase in the size of
existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation - Correct Answers -unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2) - Correct Answers -1. tissue growth,
repair or replacement
2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells - Correct Answers -intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells - Correct Answers -extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues - Correct Answers -interstitial fluid
what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop - Correct Answers -controlled
condition
what is the stimulus - Correct Answers -any disruption that changes a controlled
condition
what's the receptor - Correct Answers -body structure monitoring the changes of a
controlled condition and sends inputs
what is an afferent pathway-input - Correct Answers -flows towards the control center
(nerve impulse or chemical signal)
,cramp - Correct Answers -painful spasmodic contraction-inadequate blod flow caused
by overuse of muscle dehydration injury or holding a position for a long time
tremor - Correct Answers -rhythmic purposeless contraction that produces quivering or
shaking
tic - Correct Answers -spasmodic twitching by muscles that are ordinarily under
voluntary control (involuntary movement)-eye lids
fasciculation - Correct Answers -twitch of entire motor unit visible under the skin not
associated with movement of affected muscle-MS
what is the control center - Correct Answers -sets the range of values within which a
controlled condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives from receptors
and generates output commands when they are needed
efferent pathway - Correct Answers -flow away from control center to effector
effector - Correct Answers -body structure receiving output and brings about change
and produces a response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system - Correct Answers -reverses a change in a controlled
condition
positive feedback loop - Correct Answers -strengthens or reinforces a change in the
controlled condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response that reinforces the
initial change-child birth
disorder - Correct Answers -abnormality of a structure or function
disease - Correct Answers -illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and
symptoms
symptom - Correct Answers -subjective changes not visible to the observer
sign - Correct Answers -objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone - Correct Answers -body is lying face down
supine - Correct Answers -body is lying face up
ipsilateral - Correct Answers -same side
contralateral - Correct Answers -different sides
superficial - Correct Answers -towards the surface of the skin
,deep - Correct Answers -away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane - Correct Answers -divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane - Correct Answers -divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane - Correct Answers -unequal sides left and right
fronta (coronal plane) - Correct Answers -divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
transverse plane - Correct Answers -superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal
plane cross-sectional)
oblique plane - Correct Answers -anything but 90 degrees
cranial cavity - Correct Answers -contains head
Vertebral (spine) cavity - Correct Answers -contains spinal cord and vertebral column-
continuous of the cranial cavity
Meninges - Correct Answers -layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal
cord
thoracic cavity - Correct Answers -chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a
thoracic portion of the vertebral column
pericardial cavity - Correct Answers -surrounds the heart
pleura cavity - Correct Answers -surrounds lungs
visceral layer of cavity - Correct Answers -inner layer
parietal layer of cavity - Correct Answers -outer layer
mediastinum cavity - Correct Answers -between the lugs extending from the sternum to
the vertebral column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart, thymus, esophagus,
trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
diaphragm - Correct Answers -dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity - Correct Answers -from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal organs of the
reproductive system
, viscera - Correct Answers -organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
major elements of body mass - Correct Answers -nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and
hydrogen
lesser elements 8 - Correct Answers -Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium,
Chlorine, Magnesium, Iron
what are the three subatomic particles - Correct Answers -neutrons, protons, electrons
nucleus - Correct Answers -core of an atom
proton - Correct Answers -positively charged (in nucleus)
neutron - Correct Answers -neutral no charge (in nucleus)
electrons - Correct Answers -negatively charged in a cloud around the nucleus
number of protons =? - Correct Answers -number of electrons
atomic number is what - Correct Answers -number of protons/electrons
mass number - Correct Answers -sum of protons and neutrons
isotopes - Correct Answers -Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons
radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) - Correct Answers -An isotope of an atom that
spontaneously emits one or more types of radioactivity into stable configuration
half-life - Correct Answers -the time it takes radioactive isotope to decay into half
atomic mass/weight - Correct Answers -average of the natural occurring isotopes
ion - Correct Answers -has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal
number of protons and electrons
ionization - Correct Answers -the process of giving up or gaining an electron to become
stable
molecule - Correct Answers -when two or more atoms share an electron
compound - Correct Answers -substance made up of two or more different elements
correct Answers
metabolism - Correct Answers -sum of al chemical processes
catabolism - Correct Answers -that break down molecules, releasing energy.
anabolism - Correct Answers -the process of building up larger molecules from smaller
ones.
3 things that effect growth in the body size - Correct Answers -1. increase in the size of
existing cells
2.increase in the number of cells
3.increase in the size of material between the cells
differentiation - Correct Answers -unspecialized cells becomes specialized
reproduction is the formation of new cells for? (2) - Correct Answers -1. tissue growth,
repair or replacement
2. production of a new individual
fluid within the cells - Correct Answers -intracellular fluid
fluid outside the cells - Correct Answers -extracellular fluid
ECF that fills narrow space between cells of tissues - Correct Answers -interstitial fluid
what is the monitored variable called in a feedback loop - Correct Answers -controlled
condition
what is the stimulus - Correct Answers -any disruption that changes a controlled
condition
what's the receptor - Correct Answers -body structure monitoring the changes of a
controlled condition and sends inputs
what is an afferent pathway-input - Correct Answers -flows towards the control center
(nerve impulse or chemical signal)
,cramp - Correct Answers -painful spasmodic contraction-inadequate blod flow caused
by overuse of muscle dehydration injury or holding a position for a long time
tremor - Correct Answers -rhythmic purposeless contraction that produces quivering or
shaking
tic - Correct Answers -spasmodic twitching by muscles that are ordinarily under
voluntary control (involuntary movement)-eye lids
fasciculation - Correct Answers -twitch of entire motor unit visible under the skin not
associated with movement of affected muscle-MS
what is the control center - Correct Answers -sets the range of values within which a
controlled condition should be maintained; evaluates the input it receives from receptors
and generates output commands when they are needed
efferent pathway - Correct Answers -flow away from control center to effector
effector - Correct Answers -body structure receiving output and brings about change
and produces a response that alters the controlled condition
negative feedback system - Correct Answers -reverses a change in a controlled
condition
positive feedback loop - Correct Answers -strengthens or reinforces a change in the
controlled condition until its interrupted-effector produces a response that reinforces the
initial change-child birth
disorder - Correct Answers -abnormality of a structure or function
disease - Correct Answers -illness characterized by a recognizable set of signs and
symptoms
symptom - Correct Answers -subjective changes not visible to the observer
sign - Correct Answers -objective changes visible to the observer (doctor)
prone - Correct Answers -body is lying face down
supine - Correct Answers -body is lying face up
ipsilateral - Correct Answers -same side
contralateral - Correct Answers -different sides
superficial - Correct Answers -towards the surface of the skin
,deep - Correct Answers -away from surface of the skin
sagittal plane - Correct Answers -divides the body into left and right
Midsagittal (median) plane - Correct Answers -divides into equal left and right sides
parasagittal plane - Correct Answers -unequal sides left and right
fronta (coronal plane) - Correct Answers -divides front and back (anterior/posterior)
transverse plane - Correct Answers -superior and inferior top and bottom (horizontal
plane cross-sectional)
oblique plane - Correct Answers -anything but 90 degrees
cranial cavity - Correct Answers -contains head
Vertebral (spine) cavity - Correct Answers -contains spinal cord and vertebral column-
continuous of the cranial cavity
Meninges - Correct Answers -layers of protective tissue surround the brain and spinal
cord
thoracic cavity - Correct Answers -chest, ribs, sternum muscles of the chest and a
thoracic portion of the vertebral column
pericardial cavity - Correct Answers -surrounds the heart
pleura cavity - Correct Answers -surrounds lungs
visceral layer of cavity - Correct Answers -inner layer
parietal layer of cavity - Correct Answers -outer layer
mediastinum cavity - Correct Answers -between the lugs extending from the sternum to
the vertebral column and first rib down to the diaphragm-heart, thymus, esophagus,
trachea, and BV's but not the lungs
diaphragm - Correct Answers -dome muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the
abdominopelvic cavity
abdominopelvic cavity - Correct Answers -from the diaphragm to the groin
abdominal cavity-stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, small intestine, and large intestine
pelvic cavity-urinary bladder, parts of the large intestine, and internal organs of the
reproductive system
, viscera - Correct Answers -organs inside thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities
major elements of body mass - Correct Answers -nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and
hydrogen
lesser elements 8 - Correct Answers -Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sulfur, Sodium,
Chlorine, Magnesium, Iron
what are the three subatomic particles - Correct Answers -neutrons, protons, electrons
nucleus - Correct Answers -core of an atom
proton - Correct Answers -positively charged (in nucleus)
neutron - Correct Answers -neutral no charge (in nucleus)
electrons - Correct Answers -negatively charged in a cloud around the nucleus
number of protons =? - Correct Answers -number of electrons
atomic number is what - Correct Answers -number of protons/electrons
mass number - Correct Answers -sum of protons and neutrons
isotopes - Correct Answers -Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of
neutrons
radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) - Correct Answers -An isotope of an atom that
spontaneously emits one or more types of radioactivity into stable configuration
half-life - Correct Answers -the time it takes radioactive isotope to decay into half
atomic mass/weight - Correct Answers -average of the natural occurring isotopes
ion - Correct Answers -has a positive or negative charge because it has unequal
number of protons and electrons
ionization - Correct Answers -the process of giving up or gaining an electron to become
stable
molecule - Correct Answers -when two or more atoms share an electron
compound - Correct Answers -substance made up of two or more different elements
