Exam 2 test bank questions Well
Elaborated
A patient asks the nurse how an anti-infective produces a therapeutic effect. What key
point will the nurse explain to this patient?
A)
Drugs used to treat infections date back to the 17th century.
B)
All anti-infectives work in the same way to destroy organisms.
C)
Selective toxicity determines the appropriate drug dosage needed.
D)
The goal of anti-infectives is to interfere with normal functioning of the organism. -
ANSWERSd
The nursing student learns about anti-infectives in class and demonstrates the need to
study more when making what statement about how anti-infectives work?
A)
Some anti-infectives interfere with biosynthesis of the pathogens cell wall.
B)
Some anti-infectives prevent the cells of the organism from using essential substances.
C)
Many anti-infectives interfere with the steps involved in protein synthesis.
D)
Some anti-infectives interfere with ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in the cell leading to
cell death. - ANSWERSd
The nurse administers a drug to treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae that works on no other
bacteria. How would the nurse describe this drug?
A)
Broad spectrum
B)
Narrow spectrum
C)
Bactericidal
D)
Bacteriostatic - ANSWERSb
,The nurse has provided patient teaching for a patient who will be discharged to home
on an anti- infective. What statement made by the patient indicates the nurse needs to
provide additional teaching concerning the use of anti-infectives?
A)
Antibiotics will not help me when I have a viral infection.
B)
A bacterial culture will be done before antibiotics are prescribed for me.
C)
I could develop diarrhea as a result of taking an antibiotic.
D)
I will stop taking the antibiotic as soon as I feel better. - ANSWERSd
The nurse attends a class on preventing resistance to anti-infectives and learns that the
critical concept in preventing the development of resistant strains of microbes is what?
A)
Exposure of pathogens to an antimicrobial agent without cellular death
B)
Drug dosages that are below a therapeutic level
C)
The duration of drug use
D)
Frequency of drug ingestion - ANSWERSc
The pathophysiology class is learning how microorganisms develop resistance to anti-
infective drugs. What is one way the nursing students would learn that microorganisms
develop resistance to anti-infective drugs?
A)
By rearranging their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to produce membranes that are
permeable to the drug
B)
By producing an enzyme that stimulates the drug
C)
By changing the cellular membrane to allow the drug entry into the cell
D)
By altering binding sites on the membrane or ribosomes so that the drug cannot enter
the cell - ANSWERSd
The nurse, writing a care plan for a patient on an aminoglycoside, includes what
intervention to reduce the accumulation of the drug in the kidney?
A)
Avoid caffeine intake.
B)
Increase fluids.
C)
Decrease activity.
D)
,Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables. - ANSWERSb
When conducting patient teaching about using antibiotic medications, what is it critical
for the nurse to include to help stop the development of resistant strains of
microorganisms?
A)
Antibiotics should be used quickly to treat colds and other viral infections before the
invading organism has a chance to multiply.
B)
Antibiotic dosage should be reduced and used for shorter periods of time to reduce
unnecessary exposure to the drug.
C)
Prescriptions for antibiotics should be readily available so they can be filled as soon as
patients suspect they have an infection.
D)
It is very important to take the full course of an antibiotic as prescribed and not save
remaining drugs for future infections - ANSWERSd
A patient is told that he or she will have to undergo extensive dental surgery. The
dentist prescribes a course of antibiotic therapy before beginning the procedures and
continuing for 5 days after the procedure. What is this is an example of?
A)
Chemotherapy
B)
Curative treatment
C)
Prophylaxis
D)
Synergism - ANSWERSC
A patient is receiving meropenem (Merrem IV). What drug-related reaction will the nurse
assess for?
A) Gastrointestinal toxicity
B) Hepatic toxicity
C) Nephrotoxicity
D) Neurotoxicity - ANSWERSA
A patient is admitted to the unit and the nurse assesses whether he or she is at
increased risk for infection when what factors are determined? (Select all that apply.)
A) Malnutrition
B) Hypertension
C) Suppression of immune system
D) Advanced age
E) Decreased amylase levels - ANSWERSA,C,D
, The nurse is caring for a patient receiving penicillin. The nurse knows this type of
antibiotic 12. works by what mechanism?
A) Inhibiting growth and development of the organism
B) Inhibiting protein synthesis
C) Inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis
D) Stimulating bacterial reproduction - ANSWERSC
A nurse collects a culture sample of infected tissue. What does the result of testing the
culture 13. contribute to the patients care?
A) Identifies the specific organism causing the infection
B) Pinpoints the exact site of the infection
C) Identifies individualized patient factors contributing to infection
D) Describes the length of time the patient has experienced infection - ANSWERSA
A patient calls the clinic to talk to the nurse. The patient states that he or she saw the
physician last week and was prescribed penicillin for a strep throat. The patient goes on
to say that they feel so much better they stopped taking the drug today, even though
there are a few pills left.What is the nurses best response?
A) Okay, thank you for letting me know. I will document in your medical record that the
treatment was effective.
B) It is important that you take all the medication so all the germs are killed. Otherwise
they could come right back and be even stronger.
C) What you have described is the halo effect of the drug, making you feel better when
you are still infected. Youll feel sick again when the drug is out of your system.
D) You will need to come to the clinic and be evaluated by your physician to make sure
the infection is really gone. - ANSWERSB
When administering anti-infectives to patients, the nurse is aware of the risk for what
potentially fatal adverse effect?
A) Gastrointestinal toxicity
B) Eighth cranial nerve damage
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Toxic effects on the kidney - ANSWERSC
A group of nursing students are giving a report on the emergence of drug-resistant
microbial
agents. What could the students cite as a good way to minimize the emergence of drug-
resistant 16. microbial agents? (Select all that apply.)
A) Avoid the use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs when treating trivial or viral
infections.
B) Use narrow-spectrum agents if they are thought to be effective.
C) Do not use vancomycin unnecessarily.
D) Antibiotics are best started before the culture and sensitivity report returns.
E) Administer the smallest effective dosage available. - ANSWERSA,B,C
Elaborated
A patient asks the nurse how an anti-infective produces a therapeutic effect. What key
point will the nurse explain to this patient?
A)
Drugs used to treat infections date back to the 17th century.
B)
All anti-infectives work in the same way to destroy organisms.
C)
Selective toxicity determines the appropriate drug dosage needed.
D)
The goal of anti-infectives is to interfere with normal functioning of the organism. -
ANSWERSd
The nursing student learns about anti-infectives in class and demonstrates the need to
study more when making what statement about how anti-infectives work?
A)
Some anti-infectives interfere with biosynthesis of the pathogens cell wall.
B)
Some anti-infectives prevent the cells of the organism from using essential substances.
C)
Many anti-infectives interfere with the steps involved in protein synthesis.
D)
Some anti-infectives interfere with ribonucleic acid (RNA) synthesis in the cell leading to
cell death. - ANSWERSd
The nurse administers a drug to treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae that works on no other
bacteria. How would the nurse describe this drug?
A)
Broad spectrum
B)
Narrow spectrum
C)
Bactericidal
D)
Bacteriostatic - ANSWERSb
,The nurse has provided patient teaching for a patient who will be discharged to home
on an anti- infective. What statement made by the patient indicates the nurse needs to
provide additional teaching concerning the use of anti-infectives?
A)
Antibiotics will not help me when I have a viral infection.
B)
A bacterial culture will be done before antibiotics are prescribed for me.
C)
I could develop diarrhea as a result of taking an antibiotic.
D)
I will stop taking the antibiotic as soon as I feel better. - ANSWERSd
The nurse attends a class on preventing resistance to anti-infectives and learns that the
critical concept in preventing the development of resistant strains of microbes is what?
A)
Exposure of pathogens to an antimicrobial agent without cellular death
B)
Drug dosages that are below a therapeutic level
C)
The duration of drug use
D)
Frequency of drug ingestion - ANSWERSc
The pathophysiology class is learning how microorganisms develop resistance to anti-
infective drugs. What is one way the nursing students would learn that microorganisms
develop resistance to anti-infective drugs?
A)
By rearranging their deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to produce membranes that are
permeable to the drug
B)
By producing an enzyme that stimulates the drug
C)
By changing the cellular membrane to allow the drug entry into the cell
D)
By altering binding sites on the membrane or ribosomes so that the drug cannot enter
the cell - ANSWERSd
The nurse, writing a care plan for a patient on an aminoglycoside, includes what
intervention to reduce the accumulation of the drug in the kidney?
A)
Avoid caffeine intake.
B)
Increase fluids.
C)
Decrease activity.
D)
,Increase consumption of fruits and vegetables. - ANSWERSb
When conducting patient teaching about using antibiotic medications, what is it critical
for the nurse to include to help stop the development of resistant strains of
microorganisms?
A)
Antibiotics should be used quickly to treat colds and other viral infections before the
invading organism has a chance to multiply.
B)
Antibiotic dosage should be reduced and used for shorter periods of time to reduce
unnecessary exposure to the drug.
C)
Prescriptions for antibiotics should be readily available so they can be filled as soon as
patients suspect they have an infection.
D)
It is very important to take the full course of an antibiotic as prescribed and not save
remaining drugs for future infections - ANSWERSd
A patient is told that he or she will have to undergo extensive dental surgery. The
dentist prescribes a course of antibiotic therapy before beginning the procedures and
continuing for 5 days after the procedure. What is this is an example of?
A)
Chemotherapy
B)
Curative treatment
C)
Prophylaxis
D)
Synergism - ANSWERSC
A patient is receiving meropenem (Merrem IV). What drug-related reaction will the nurse
assess for?
A) Gastrointestinal toxicity
B) Hepatic toxicity
C) Nephrotoxicity
D) Neurotoxicity - ANSWERSA
A patient is admitted to the unit and the nurse assesses whether he or she is at
increased risk for infection when what factors are determined? (Select all that apply.)
A) Malnutrition
B) Hypertension
C) Suppression of immune system
D) Advanced age
E) Decreased amylase levels - ANSWERSA,C,D
, The nurse is caring for a patient receiving penicillin. The nurse knows this type of
antibiotic 12. works by what mechanism?
A) Inhibiting growth and development of the organism
B) Inhibiting protein synthesis
C) Inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis
D) Stimulating bacterial reproduction - ANSWERSC
A nurse collects a culture sample of infected tissue. What does the result of testing the
culture 13. contribute to the patients care?
A) Identifies the specific organism causing the infection
B) Pinpoints the exact site of the infection
C) Identifies individualized patient factors contributing to infection
D) Describes the length of time the patient has experienced infection - ANSWERSA
A patient calls the clinic to talk to the nurse. The patient states that he or she saw the
physician last week and was prescribed penicillin for a strep throat. The patient goes on
to say that they feel so much better they stopped taking the drug today, even though
there are a few pills left.What is the nurses best response?
A) Okay, thank you for letting me know. I will document in your medical record that the
treatment was effective.
B) It is important that you take all the medication so all the germs are killed. Otherwise
they could come right back and be even stronger.
C) What you have described is the halo effect of the drug, making you feel better when
you are still infected. Youll feel sick again when the drug is out of your system.
D) You will need to come to the clinic and be evaluated by your physician to make sure
the infection is really gone. - ANSWERSB
When administering anti-infectives to patients, the nurse is aware of the risk for what
potentially fatal adverse effect?
A) Gastrointestinal toxicity
B) Eighth cranial nerve damage
C) Anaphylaxis
D) Toxic effects on the kidney - ANSWERSC
A group of nursing students are giving a report on the emergence of drug-resistant
microbial
agents. What could the students cite as a good way to minimize the emergence of drug-
resistant 16. microbial agents? (Select all that apply.)
A) Avoid the use of broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs when treating trivial or viral
infections.
B) Use narrow-spectrum agents if they are thought to be effective.
C) Do not use vancomycin unnecessarily.
D) Antibiotics are best started before the culture and sensitivity report returns.
E) Administer the smallest effective dosage available. - ANSWERSA,B,C
