ANP Midterm 1 2024/2025 Exam
Questions and Detailed Answers | Get it
100% Correct Answers
anatomy vs physiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔anatomy: the study of the structure
and relationships between body parts
physiology: the science of how those parts come together to function and
keep the body alive
-their functions are dependant on the structure. their connection is known
as the principle of complementarity of structure and function
subdivisions of anatomy and how to study them - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-
microscopic anatomy: structures too small to see with the naked eye, the
two fields are: cytology (study of cells) and histology (study of tissues)
-developmental anatomy: studies anatomy and physiology throughout life.
(embryology = pre-birth stage)
-macroscopic anatomy: study of large/visible structures, you can study via;
regional anatomy (studying a specific region of the body), system anatomy
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,(study of body systems), and surface anatomy (study of body
surfaces/what you can feel is how you study it)
Structural organization of human body - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Atoms: building
blocks of matter. made of electrons, protons and neutrons
-Molecules: combination of atoms
-Organelles: specific ways molecules come together and form organelles
-Cells: made of organelles. they are fundamental structuals and functional
unit of living things, smallest unit that can sustain life. their size and shape
vary
-Tissues: formed by cells that have specific functions
-Organs: formed by tissues, 2+ but usually 4
-Organ system: when organs work together towards a common goal
Types of cells - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Fibroblasts and erythrocytes: cells that
connect body parts
-Epithelial cells: cover and line organs
-Fat cells: store nutrients
-Macrophage: fight disease
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,-Skeletal and smooth muscle cells: move organs and body parts
-Nerve cells: gather info and controls body functions
-Sperm: reproduction cells
Eukaryotic cell composition - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Plasma membrane
-Cytoplasm: contains organelles
has 3 parts:
-cytosol: the fluid (organelles here)
-inclusions: molecules that are storage
-organelles: 2 basic types
-membranous: surrounded by a membrane (ex mitochondria)
-non-membranous: non surrounded
-nucleus: contains chromosomes, intertwined DNA and protein
-Cytoskeleton: provides cell shape, cytoskeleton proteins:
-microfilaments - smest 7nm
-intermediates - md 10nm
-microtubules - lgest 25nm
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, -Centrosome: cell center (near nucleus) generates microtubules, organizes
mitotic spindle, contains paired centrioles
-Centrioles: form basis of cilia and flagella
what do specialized cells do - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔each cell preforms a specific
function and works to maintain homeostasis
epithelial tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Covering and lining epithelial: on external
and internal surfaces
-Glandular epithelial: secretory tissue in gland (ie salivary gland)
Basic Info of Epithelial Tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-they exhibit polarity: have
an apical (often contains specialize microvilli or cilia to aid with its function)
not touching anything and a basal surface.
-it has specialized contacts called tight junctions and desmosomes (to
connect to cell) connects to basement membrane too
-avascular: has no blood vessels/its own blood but relies on the adjacent
CT to get nutrients
-high regenerative capacity - cell closest to basement membrane about to
undergo mitosis and push up replacing cells on apical surface that die w/o
nutrients
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
Questions and Detailed Answers | Get it
100% Correct Answers
anatomy vs physiology - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔anatomy: the study of the structure
and relationships between body parts
physiology: the science of how those parts come together to function and
keep the body alive
-their functions are dependant on the structure. their connection is known
as the principle of complementarity of structure and function
subdivisions of anatomy and how to study them - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-
microscopic anatomy: structures too small to see with the naked eye, the
two fields are: cytology (study of cells) and histology (study of tissues)
-developmental anatomy: studies anatomy and physiology throughout life.
(embryology = pre-birth stage)
-macroscopic anatomy: study of large/visible structures, you can study via;
regional anatomy (studying a specific region of the body), system anatomy
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 1
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,(study of body systems), and surface anatomy (study of body
surfaces/what you can feel is how you study it)
Structural organization of human body - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Atoms: building
blocks of matter. made of electrons, protons and neutrons
-Molecules: combination of atoms
-Organelles: specific ways molecules come together and form organelles
-Cells: made of organelles. they are fundamental structuals and functional
unit of living things, smallest unit that can sustain life. their size and shape
vary
-Tissues: formed by cells that have specific functions
-Organs: formed by tissues, 2+ but usually 4
-Organ system: when organs work together towards a common goal
Types of cells - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Fibroblasts and erythrocytes: cells that
connect body parts
-Epithelial cells: cover and line organs
-Fat cells: store nutrients
-Macrophage: fight disease
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 2
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
,-Skeletal and smooth muscle cells: move organs and body parts
-Nerve cells: gather info and controls body functions
-Sperm: reproduction cells
Eukaryotic cell composition - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Plasma membrane
-Cytoplasm: contains organelles
has 3 parts:
-cytosol: the fluid (organelles here)
-inclusions: molecules that are storage
-organelles: 2 basic types
-membranous: surrounded by a membrane (ex mitochondria)
-non-membranous: non surrounded
-nucleus: contains chromosomes, intertwined DNA and protein
-Cytoskeleton: provides cell shape, cytoskeleton proteins:
-microfilaments - smest 7nm
-intermediates - md 10nm
-microtubules - lgest 25nm
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 3
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
, -Centrosome: cell center (near nucleus) generates microtubules, organizes
mitotic spindle, contains paired centrioles
-Centrioles: form basis of cilia and flagella
what do specialized cells do - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔each cell preforms a specific
function and works to maintain homeostasis
epithelial tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-Covering and lining epithelial: on external
and internal surfaces
-Glandular epithelial: secretory tissue in gland (ie salivary gland)
Basic Info of Epithelial Tissue - 🧠ANSWER ✔✔-they exhibit polarity: have
an apical (often contains specialize microvilli or cilia to aid with its function)
not touching anything and a basal surface.
-it has specialized contacts called tight junctions and desmosomes (to
connect to cell) connects to basement membrane too
-avascular: has no blood vessels/its own blood but relies on the adjacent
CT to get nutrients
-high regenerative capacity - cell closest to basement membrane about to
undergo mitosis and push up replacing cells on apical surface that die w/o
nutrients
COPYRIGHT©NINJANERD 2025/2026. YEAR PUBLISHED 2025. COMPANY REGISTRATION NUMBER: 619652435. TERMS OF USE. PRIVACY 4
STATEMENT. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
