Test Bank Advanced Physiology And Pathophysiology: Essentials For Clinical Practice, 2nd Edition Nancy C. Tkacs,Linda L. Herrmann All Chapters 1-17 With Questions And Answers Complete A+ Guide

,Chapter 1. THE FOUNDATIONAL CONCEPTS OF CLINICAL
e e e e e e



PRACTICE
e




1. The characteristic, localized cardinal signs of acute inflammation include:
e e e e e e e e




A) fever.
B) fatigue.
C) redness.
D) granuloma.


2. The vascular, hemodynamic stage of acute inflammation is initiated by
e e e e e e e e e


momentary vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation that causes localized:
e e e e e e e e




A) bleeding.

B) congestion.
C) pale skin. e




D) coolness.


3. The cellular stage of acute inflammation is marked by the movement of
e e e e e e e e e e e


leukocytes into the area. Which of the following cells arrives early in great
e e e e e e e e e e e e e


numbers?
e




A) Basophils

B) Lymphocytes
C) Neutrophils
D) Platelets

4. The phagocytosis process involves three distinct steps. What is the initial
e e e e e e e e e e


step in the process?
e e e e




A) Engulfment

,B) Intracellular killing e




C) Antigen margination e




D) Recognition and adherence e e




5. Which of the following mediators of inflammation causes increased capillary
e e e e e e e e e


permeability and pain?
e e e




A) Serotonin

B) Histamine
C) Bradykinin

D) Nitric oxide e




6. Inflammatory exudates are a combination of several types. Which of the
e e e e e e e e e e


following exudates is composed of enmeshed necrotic cells?
e e e e e e e e




A) Serous
B) Fibrinous

C) Suppurative
D) Membranous


7. The acute-phase systemic response usually begins within hours of the onset
e e e e e e e e e e


of inflammation and includes:
e e e e




A) fever and lethargy.
e e




B) decreased C-reactive protein. e e




C) positive nitrogen balance. e e




D) low erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
e e e




8. In contrast to acute inflammation, chronic inflammation is characterized by
e e e e e e e e e


which of the following phenomena?
e e e e e




A) Profuse fibrinous exudation e e




B) A shift to the left of granulocytes
e e e e e e




C) Metabolic and respiratory alkalosis e e e

, D) Lymphocytosis and activated macrophages e e e




9. Exogenous pyrogens (interleukin-1) and the presence of bacteria in the blood
e e e e e e e e e e


lead to the release of endogenous pyrogens that:
e e e e e e e e




A) stabilize thermal control in the brain. e e e e e




B) produce leukocytosis and anorexia. e e e




C) block viral replication in cells.
e e e e




D) inhibit prostaglandin release. e e




10 An older adult patient has just sheared the skin on her elbow while attempted
e e e e e e e e e e e e e


. to boost herself up in bed, an event that has precipitated acute inflammation
e e e e e e e e e e e e


ein the region surrounding the wound. Which of the following events will
e e e e e e e e e e e


eoccur during the vascular stage of the patients inflammation?
e e e e e e e e




A) Outpouring of exudate into interstitial spaces e e e e e




B) Chemotaxis
C) Accumulation of leukocytes along the epithelium e e e e e




D) Phagocytosis of cellular debris e e e




11 Which of the following individuals most likely has the highest risk of
e e e e e e e e e e e


. experiencing chronic inflammation? e e




A) A patient who has recently been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
e e e e e e e e e e




B) A patient who is a carrier of an antibiotic-resistant organism
e e e e e e e e e




C) A patient who is taking oral antibiotics for an upper respiratory infection
e e e e e e e e e e e




D) A patient who is morbidly obese and who has a sedentary lifestyle
e e e e e e e e e e e




12 Which of the following core body temperatures is within normal range?
e e e e e e e e e e


.

A) 35.9C (96.6F) e




B) 38.0C (100.4F) e




C) 35.5C (95.9F) e




D) 37.3C (99.1F) e