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Anthropology What Does It Mean to Be Human? Second Canadian Edition by
Robert H. Lavenda
CHAPTER 1
WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. In the textbook, "anthropology" is defined as the study of ________.
a) human nature, human society, human language, and the human past
b) the remains of earlier societies and peoples
c) the ways of life of contemporary peoples
d) the physical and mental capacities of human beings
2. The authors define "holism" as ________.
a) trying to study everything possible about a group of people
b) integrating what is known about human beings and their activities
c) studying human biology and culture at the same time
d) fitting together economics, political science, religious studies, and biology
3. To say that anthropology is comparative means that ________.
a) each anthropologist studies many different societies during his or her career
b) anthropological generalizations draw on evidence from the widest possible range of societies
c) anthropologists use data from many different academic disciplines
d) there is no one way for the anthropologist to do research
4. ________ is NOT listed in the text as an element of the anthropological perspective.
a) Holism
b) Comparison
c) Evolution
d) Culturalism
5. A ________ study examines how economics, politics, religion, and kinship shape one another in a specific
society.
a) detailed
b) cultural
c) holistic
d) comparative
6. An anthropologist studying a social group observes that people shake hands when greeting one another and
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-second-canadian-edition-by-robert-h-lavenda
https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-sec
concludes that handshaking is universal among humans. This study is faulty because it was not ________. b) This configuration is associated with anthropology's successful fight against 19th century scientific racism.
a) holistic c) This configuration constitutes a protected "trading zone" within which fresh concepts and knowledge from a
b) evolutionary variety of research traditions are brought together.
c) ethnocentric d) This model is widespread in Europe and other parts of the world.
d) comparative
14. Social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences are called ________.
7. When we say that anthropology is a field-based discipline, we mean that ________. a) populations
a) information about particular social groups comes through direct contact with them b) cultures
b) anthropologists working in universities intersperse teaching and other tasks with field research c) races
c) research connects anthropologists directly with the lived experiences of other people and to the material d) ethnicities
evidence that people have left
d) All of the above 15. Nineteenth-century attempts to group all humans into unambiguous categories called "races" were based on
________.
8. According to the text, culture consists of ________. a) observable physical features, such as skin color, hair type, and skull shape
a) sets of learned behaviours and ideas that humans acquire as members of society b) supposed mental and moral attributes
b) elements of human experience that require education and good taste, such as fine art, classical music, and c) existing beliefs about the inherent biological superiority of some races and the inferiority of others
literature d) All of the above
c) sets of innate behaviours that enable humans to function in a complex world
d) those practices that distinguish one group of humans from another 16. Michel Bouchard's research on status and stigma among French-speakers in Alberta shows that ________.
a) young children know which language is dominant
9. North Americans typically do not eat insects because they have learned to label insects as inedible. This b) French is spoken only by people who have recently arrived in Alberta from Quebec
explanation is based on ________. c) French-speaking children in Alberta believe that they belong to a high-status-group
a) culture d) media campaigns can reduce the stigma felt by linguistic minorities
b) biology
c) ethnocentrism 17. By the early twentieth century, some anthropologists and biologists concluded that the concept of "race" was
d) genetic programming ________.
a) justified by the increasingly scientific biological research on humans
10. When we state that humans are biocultural organisms, we mean that ________. b) a cultural label invented by humans to sort people into groups
a) human biology makes culture possible, and human culture makes human biological survival possible c) a political liability, although the evidence was increasingly strong in its favor
b) biology is more important than culture for humans d) a label that recognized important cultural and biological differences between groups
c) human culture predates our biological organism
d) humans evolved independently of our ability to create culture 18. After discrediting scientific racism and moving away from the classification of humans into distinct races,
biological anthropologists shifted their attention to ________.
11. Traditionally, North American anthropology has been divided into ________ subfields. a) patterns of variation and adaptation within the human species as a whole
a) two b) the material remains of the human past
b) three c) present-day social arrangements in human groups
c) four d) human symbolic communication
d) five
19. ________ refers to the systematic oppression of members of one or more socially defined "races" by members
12. According to the text, ________ is NOT a major subfield of North American anthropology. of another socially defined "race" that is justified in terms of the supposed inherent biological superiority of the
a) Archaeology rulers and the supposed inherent biological inferiority of those they rule.
b) Cultural anthropology a) Ethnocentrism
c) Biological anthropology b) Hierarchy
d) Physiological anthropology c) Racism
d) Hegemony
13. The following statement is NOT associated with the traditional North American model of anthropology:
________. 20. Primatologists are biological anthropologists who study ________.
a) This configuration reflects anthropology's commitment to holism. a) the closest living relatives of humans
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-second-canadian-edition-by-robert-h-lavenda
https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-sec
b) the bones and teeth of early humans b) only societies where they are considered outsiders
c) material remnants of early human society c) rural communities, while sociologists focus on urban communities
d) the reconstruction of human evolution through DNA d) rural and urban communities in non-industrialized societies
21. Paleoanthropologists study ________. 28. Kinship is ________.
a) modern apes a) a form of social groups, such as secret societies and political organizations
b) biological variation in living human populations b) a form of relatedness that links people to one another on the basis of birth, marriage, and nurturance
c) fossilized bones and teeth c) the study of gender and sexuality
d) nutrition and physical development d) a form of human population movement, including labour migration, refugee movement, and forced migration
22. Biological anthropologists do not investigate the ________. 29. Cultural anthropology is NOT likely to study ________.
a) connection between disease patterns in contemporary Quebec and historical disease patterns among settlers in a) the use of cyber technology in Yemen
New France b) how Yemeni people have responded to capitalism and colonialism
b) identification of human remains to assist in law enforcement c) the study of ritual in Yemen, including its historical context
c) identification of human remains to assist in human rights cases d) the reconstruction of Yemeni dwellings
d) differences in culturally-assigned gender roles
30. Fieldwork is the period of research during which cultural anthropologists ________.
23. All of the following terms, EXCEPT for ________, refer to cultural anthropology. a) take part in the everyday routine of the people whose way of life they are interested in
a) sociocultural anthropology b) carry out a preliminary study to see if a methodology is feasible
b) social anthropology c) determine which areas are most likely to yield evidence of early human occupation
c) ethnology d) spend most of their time making preparations for travel to the field
d) ethology
31. People who share information about their culture with anthropologists are sometimes called ________ by
24. The anthropological subfield typically associated with Canadian Anthropologist Marie-France Labrecque is contemporary anthropologists.
________. a) informants
a) cultural anthropology b) collaborators
b) physical anthropology c) respondents
c) archaeology d) All of the above
d) linguistic anthropology
32. Some anthropologists dislike the term "informants" because it ________.
25. Gender, kinship, religion, sexuality, migration, political or economic systems of contemporary human society a) suggests that the role is limited to supplying information for the benefit of the researcher
are scopes of ________. b) implies that the anthropologist is involved in covert activity
a) cultural anthropological studies c) distinguishes between people who provide information and those who don't
b) biological anthropological studies d) identifies people to whom the anthropologist has promised anonymity
c) archaeological studies
d) ethnological studies 33. ________ involves participating in activities with members of a group while observing at the same time.
a) Mutual participation
26. Sociology and anthropology developed during the same period and share a common interest in social b) Observation participation
organization. However, ________. c) Active observation
a) while anthropologists did qualitative research, sociologists did quantitative research d) Participant observation
b) anthropologists typically did research outside industrial societies, while sociologists did research within these
societies 34. The textbook authors consider ________ as a central research method to cultural anthropology.
c) anthropologists typically did research in Europe and North America, while sociologists did research outside a) participant observation
these societies b) observation participation
d) anthropologists focused on rural communities, while sociologists focused on urban communities c) fieldwork
d) semi-structured interviews
27. Today, anthropologists study ________.
a) all human societies, including their own 35. Ethnography refers to a ________.
, https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-second-canadian-edition-by-robert-h-lavenda
https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-sec
a) history of anthropology as a discipline c) recreating tools that were used in a particular site
b) comparison of the customary social practices of two or more identifiable groups of people d) identifying which hominin species occupied a particular site
c) description of the customary social behaviours of an identifiable group of people
d) detailed discussion of the methodology used in field research 43. Archaeologists usually work in teams or crews ________.
a) that include specialists such as geologists, botanists, metallurgists, and others
36. Ethnology is a ________. b) so that work can continue around the clock, in order to do as much as possible within a limited time frame
a) comparison of the customary social behaviours of two or more identifiable groups of people c) of two or three people who share tasks such as excavation and documentation
b) description of the customary social behaviours of an identifiable group of people d) that are composed primarily of labourers and other support staff
c) history of anthropology as a discipline
d) detailed discussion of the methodology used in field research 44. All of the following, EXCEPT for ________, are examples of material culture.
a) remnants of an ancient campfire
37. "Language" is defined as ________. b) fossilized human bones
a) a fixed, rule-based system of words c) a pile of stone flakes left over from toolmaking
b) a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used to encode experience d) garbage deposited by humans over the last two or three decades
c) the correct, spoken form of grammar
d) a neutral system in which letters correspond to sounds 45. Professional ethics and historic preservation laws throughout the world require archaeologists to ________.
a) seek government permission to excavate sites
38. ________ are languages that are produced when speakers of unrelated languages are forced to communicate b) be accountable to the public for the conservation of human prehistory
with one another. c) follow standard protocols for preserving artifacts
a) Niche constructions d) All of the above
b) Conlangs
c) Pidgins 46. Cultural resource management is also known as ________.
d) Norms of reaction a) salvage archaeology
b) applied archaeology
39. Christine Schreyer, who studied communities built around fictional languages like those depicted in The Lord c) archaeology in the public interest
of the Rings and Avatar, found that the popularity of these languages was driven by ________. d) ethical archaeology
a) tangible economic benefits associated with speaking these languages
b) revitalization of endangered minority languages 47. Archaeologists working in cultural resource management ________.
c) fan conferences called conlangs a) plan and design temporary and permanent museum exhibits
d) the prestige associated with the fictional characters who use them and people's attachment to the fantasy world b) make recommendations on where and how artifacts should be exhibited and stored
they are used in c) assess locations that are slated for industrial development and infrastructure projects
d) work with museum staff to determine how cultural resources should be managed
40. According to your textbook, linguistic anthropology is considered a separate subfield of anthropology because
________. 48. The subfield in which anthropologists use material gathered from the other anthropological specialties to
a) linguistic anthropologists do not use translators in their research propose solutions to practical cross-cultural problems is called ________.
b) cultural anthropologists do not receive training in languages or linguistics a) practical anthropology
c) linguistic anthropology is relatively disconnected from the other subfields b) applied anthropology
d) highly specialized training in both linguistics and anthropology is required c) cultural resource management
d) environmental anthropology
41. The following phrase does NOT accurately describe archaeology: ________.
a) Archaeology is the cultural anthropology of the past 49. In Canada, applied anthropologists have worked with First Nations bands to ________.
b) Archaeology is the discovery and systematic study of the remnants of the human past a) assist with government negotiations regarding land use and resource development
c) Archaeology uses anthropological knowledge to solve practical cross-cultural problems b) trace chemical similarities and differences in the immune system
d) Archaeology studies the reconstruction of human prehistory and history through the analysis of material culture c) better understand how humans lived in the past
d) study prehistoric garbage to understand what people ate
42. Archaeologists perform all of the following tasks, EXCEPT for ________.
a) conducting surveys of areas that may have been inhabited by humans 50. According to your textbook, ________ is what makes Canadian anthropology unique in North America.
b) reconstructing the types of houses that were used in a particular site a) the focus on collaborating with Indigenous communities
https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-sec
Anthropology What Does It Mean to Be Human? Second Canadian Edition by
Robert H. Lavenda
CHAPTER 1
WHAT IS ANTHROPOLOGY?
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. In the textbook, "anthropology" is defined as the study of ________.
a) human nature, human society, human language, and the human past
b) the remains of earlier societies and peoples
c) the ways of life of contemporary peoples
d) the physical and mental capacities of human beings
2. The authors define "holism" as ________.
a) trying to study everything possible about a group of people
b) integrating what is known about human beings and their activities
c) studying human biology and culture at the same time
d) fitting together economics, political science, religious studies, and biology
3. To say that anthropology is comparative means that ________.
a) each anthropologist studies many different societies during his or her career
b) anthropological generalizations draw on evidence from the widest possible range of societies
c) anthropologists use data from many different academic disciplines
d) there is no one way for the anthropologist to do research
4. ________ is NOT listed in the text as an element of the anthropological perspective.
a) Holism
b) Comparison
c) Evolution
d) Culturalism
5. A ________ study examines how economics, politics, religion, and kinship shape one another in a specific
society.
a) detailed
b) cultural
c) holistic
d) comparative
6. An anthropologist studying a social group observes that people shake hands when greeting one another and
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-second-canadian-edition-by-robert-h-lavenda
https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-sec
concludes that handshaking is universal among humans. This study is faulty because it was not ________. b) This configuration is associated with anthropology's successful fight against 19th century scientific racism.
a) holistic c) This configuration constitutes a protected "trading zone" within which fresh concepts and knowledge from a
b) evolutionary variety of research traditions are brought together.
c) ethnocentric d) This model is widespread in Europe and other parts of the world.
d) comparative
14. Social groupings that allegedly reflect biological differences are called ________.
7. When we say that anthropology is a field-based discipline, we mean that ________. a) populations
a) information about particular social groups comes through direct contact with them b) cultures
b) anthropologists working in universities intersperse teaching and other tasks with field research c) races
c) research connects anthropologists directly with the lived experiences of other people and to the material d) ethnicities
evidence that people have left
d) All of the above 15. Nineteenth-century attempts to group all humans into unambiguous categories called "races" were based on
________.
8. According to the text, culture consists of ________. a) observable physical features, such as skin color, hair type, and skull shape
a) sets of learned behaviours and ideas that humans acquire as members of society b) supposed mental and moral attributes
b) elements of human experience that require education and good taste, such as fine art, classical music, and c) existing beliefs about the inherent biological superiority of some races and the inferiority of others
literature d) All of the above
c) sets of innate behaviours that enable humans to function in a complex world
d) those practices that distinguish one group of humans from another 16. Michel Bouchard's research on status and stigma among French-speakers in Alberta shows that ________.
a) young children know which language is dominant
9. North Americans typically do not eat insects because they have learned to label insects as inedible. This b) French is spoken only by people who have recently arrived in Alberta from Quebec
explanation is based on ________. c) French-speaking children in Alberta believe that they belong to a high-status-group
a) culture d) media campaigns can reduce the stigma felt by linguistic minorities
b) biology
c) ethnocentrism 17. By the early twentieth century, some anthropologists and biologists concluded that the concept of "race" was
d) genetic programming ________.
a) justified by the increasingly scientific biological research on humans
10. When we state that humans are biocultural organisms, we mean that ________. b) a cultural label invented by humans to sort people into groups
a) human biology makes culture possible, and human culture makes human biological survival possible c) a political liability, although the evidence was increasingly strong in its favor
b) biology is more important than culture for humans d) a label that recognized important cultural and biological differences between groups
c) human culture predates our biological organism
d) humans evolved independently of our ability to create culture 18. After discrediting scientific racism and moving away from the classification of humans into distinct races,
biological anthropologists shifted their attention to ________.
11. Traditionally, North American anthropology has been divided into ________ subfields. a) patterns of variation and adaptation within the human species as a whole
a) two b) the material remains of the human past
b) three c) present-day social arrangements in human groups
c) four d) human symbolic communication
d) five
19. ________ refers to the systematic oppression of members of one or more socially defined "races" by members
12. According to the text, ________ is NOT a major subfield of North American anthropology. of another socially defined "race" that is justified in terms of the supposed inherent biological superiority of the
a) Archaeology rulers and the supposed inherent biological inferiority of those they rule.
b) Cultural anthropology a) Ethnocentrism
c) Biological anthropology b) Hierarchy
d) Physiological anthropology c) Racism
d) Hegemony
13. The following statement is NOT associated with the traditional North American model of anthropology:
________. 20. Primatologists are biological anthropologists who study ________.
a) This configuration reflects anthropology's commitment to holism. a) the closest living relatives of humans
,https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-second-canadian-edition-by-robert-h-lavenda
https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-sec
b) the bones and teeth of early humans b) only societies where they are considered outsiders
c) material remnants of early human society c) rural communities, while sociologists focus on urban communities
d) the reconstruction of human evolution through DNA d) rural and urban communities in non-industrialized societies
21. Paleoanthropologists study ________. 28. Kinship is ________.
a) modern apes a) a form of social groups, such as secret societies and political organizations
b) biological variation in living human populations b) a form of relatedness that links people to one another on the basis of birth, marriage, and nurturance
c) fossilized bones and teeth c) the study of gender and sexuality
d) nutrition and physical development d) a form of human population movement, including labour migration, refugee movement, and forced migration
22. Biological anthropologists do not investigate the ________. 29. Cultural anthropology is NOT likely to study ________.
a) connection between disease patterns in contemporary Quebec and historical disease patterns among settlers in a) the use of cyber technology in Yemen
New France b) how Yemeni people have responded to capitalism and colonialism
b) identification of human remains to assist in law enforcement c) the study of ritual in Yemen, including its historical context
c) identification of human remains to assist in human rights cases d) the reconstruction of Yemeni dwellings
d) differences in culturally-assigned gender roles
30. Fieldwork is the period of research during which cultural anthropologists ________.
23. All of the following terms, EXCEPT for ________, refer to cultural anthropology. a) take part in the everyday routine of the people whose way of life they are interested in
a) sociocultural anthropology b) carry out a preliminary study to see if a methodology is feasible
b) social anthropology c) determine which areas are most likely to yield evidence of early human occupation
c) ethnology d) spend most of their time making preparations for travel to the field
d) ethology
31. People who share information about their culture with anthropologists are sometimes called ________ by
24. The anthropological subfield typically associated with Canadian Anthropologist Marie-France Labrecque is contemporary anthropologists.
________. a) informants
a) cultural anthropology b) collaborators
b) physical anthropology c) respondents
c) archaeology d) All of the above
d) linguistic anthropology
32. Some anthropologists dislike the term "informants" because it ________.
25. Gender, kinship, religion, sexuality, migration, political or economic systems of contemporary human society a) suggests that the role is limited to supplying information for the benefit of the researcher
are scopes of ________. b) implies that the anthropologist is involved in covert activity
a) cultural anthropological studies c) distinguishes between people who provide information and those who don't
b) biological anthropological studies d) identifies people to whom the anthropologist has promised anonymity
c) archaeological studies
d) ethnological studies 33. ________ involves participating in activities with members of a group while observing at the same time.
a) Mutual participation
26. Sociology and anthropology developed during the same period and share a common interest in social b) Observation participation
organization. However, ________. c) Active observation
a) while anthropologists did qualitative research, sociologists did quantitative research d) Participant observation
b) anthropologists typically did research outside industrial societies, while sociologists did research within these
societies 34. The textbook authors consider ________ as a central research method to cultural anthropology.
c) anthropologists typically did research in Europe and North America, while sociologists did research outside a) participant observation
these societies b) observation participation
d) anthropologists focused on rural communities, while sociologists focused on urban communities c) fieldwork
d) semi-structured interviews
27. Today, anthropologists study ________.
a) all human societies, including their own 35. Ethnography refers to a ________.
, https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-second-canadian-edition-by-robert-h-lavenda
https://browsegrades.net/singlePaper/416761/testbank-for-anthropology-what-does-it-mean-to-be-human-sec
a) history of anthropology as a discipline c) recreating tools that were used in a particular site
b) comparison of the customary social practices of two or more identifiable groups of people d) identifying which hominin species occupied a particular site
c) description of the customary social behaviours of an identifiable group of people
d) detailed discussion of the methodology used in field research 43. Archaeologists usually work in teams or crews ________.
a) that include specialists such as geologists, botanists, metallurgists, and others
36. Ethnology is a ________. b) so that work can continue around the clock, in order to do as much as possible within a limited time frame
a) comparison of the customary social behaviours of two or more identifiable groups of people c) of two or three people who share tasks such as excavation and documentation
b) description of the customary social behaviours of an identifiable group of people d) that are composed primarily of labourers and other support staff
c) history of anthropology as a discipline
d) detailed discussion of the methodology used in field research 44. All of the following, EXCEPT for ________, are examples of material culture.
a) remnants of an ancient campfire
37. "Language" is defined as ________. b) fossilized human bones
a) a fixed, rule-based system of words c) a pile of stone flakes left over from toolmaking
b) a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used to encode experience d) garbage deposited by humans over the last two or three decades
c) the correct, spoken form of grammar
d) a neutral system in which letters correspond to sounds 45. Professional ethics and historic preservation laws throughout the world require archaeologists to ________.
a) seek government permission to excavate sites
38. ________ are languages that are produced when speakers of unrelated languages are forced to communicate b) be accountable to the public for the conservation of human prehistory
with one another. c) follow standard protocols for preserving artifacts
a) Niche constructions d) All of the above
b) Conlangs
c) Pidgins 46. Cultural resource management is also known as ________.
d) Norms of reaction a) salvage archaeology
b) applied archaeology
39. Christine Schreyer, who studied communities built around fictional languages like those depicted in The Lord c) archaeology in the public interest
of the Rings and Avatar, found that the popularity of these languages was driven by ________. d) ethical archaeology
a) tangible economic benefits associated with speaking these languages
b) revitalization of endangered minority languages 47. Archaeologists working in cultural resource management ________.
c) fan conferences called conlangs a) plan and design temporary and permanent museum exhibits
d) the prestige associated with the fictional characters who use them and people's attachment to the fantasy world b) make recommendations on where and how artifacts should be exhibited and stored
they are used in c) assess locations that are slated for industrial development and infrastructure projects
d) work with museum staff to determine how cultural resources should be managed
40. According to your textbook, linguistic anthropology is considered a separate subfield of anthropology because
________. 48. The subfield in which anthropologists use material gathered from the other anthropological specialties to
a) linguistic anthropologists do not use translators in their research propose solutions to practical cross-cultural problems is called ________.
b) cultural anthropologists do not receive training in languages or linguistics a) practical anthropology
c) linguistic anthropology is relatively disconnected from the other subfields b) applied anthropology
d) highly specialized training in both linguistics and anthropology is required c) cultural resource management
d) environmental anthropology
41. The following phrase does NOT accurately describe archaeology: ________.
a) Archaeology is the cultural anthropology of the past 49. In Canada, applied anthropologists have worked with First Nations bands to ________.
b) Archaeology is the discovery and systematic study of the remnants of the human past a) assist with government negotiations regarding land use and resource development
c) Archaeology uses anthropological knowledge to solve practical cross-cultural problems b) trace chemical similarities and differences in the immune system
d) Archaeology studies the reconstruction of human prehistory and history through the analysis of material culture c) better understand how humans lived in the past
d) study prehistoric garbage to understand what people ate
42. Archaeologists perform all of the following tasks, EXCEPT for ________.
a) conducting surveys of areas that may have been inhabited by humans 50. According to your textbook, ________ is what makes Canadian anthropology unique in North America.
b) reconstructing the types of houses that were used in a particular site a) the focus on collaborating with Indigenous communities
