ATI RN PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED LATEST EXAM
2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A++
High ceiling loop diuretics -ANSWER Furosemide
-ethacrynic acid
-bumettanide
-torsemide
High ceiling loop diuretics pharm action -ANSWER Work on the loops of
henle
-block reabsorption of Na and chloride and prevent reabsorption of water
-causes extensive diuresis even w/ severe renal impairment
High ceiling loop diuretics complications -ANSWER -dehydration,
hyponatremia, hypochloremia
-hypotension
-ototoxicity
-hypokalemia
High ceiling can also cause -ANSWER Hyperglycemia
Thiazide diuretics -ANSWER Hydrochlorothiazide
-chlorothiazide
-methyclothiazide
-thiazide type diuretics
-indapamide
-chlorthilidone
-metolazone
Thiazide diuretics pharm action -ANSWER Work in the early distal
convoluted tube
-block reabsorption of Na and chloride and prevent reabsorption of water
-promotes diuresis when renal function is not impaired
Thiazide therapeutic uses -ANSWER First choice med for essential
hypertension
-used for Edsel a in mild-moderate heart failure, liver and kidney disease
-used in combo with anti-hypertension for blood pressure control
,-used to reduce urine production in diabetes insipidus
-reduce risk of post menopausal osteoporosis
Complications of thiazide diuretics -ANSWER -dehydration and
hyponatremia
-hypokalemia and hypochloremia
-hyperglycemia
-hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia, increase lipids
Thiazides are contraindicated in -ANSWER -pregnancy and breastfeeding
-renal impairment
Potassium sparing diuretics -ANSWER Spironolacton
-triamterene
-amiloride
pharm action of potassium-sparing diuretics -ANSWER Block action of
aldosterone-> potassium retention and the excretion of sodium and water
Potassium-sparing therapeutic uses -ANSWER -combined with other
diuretics for potassium sparing effects to treat hypertension and edema
-administer for heart failure
-effects can take 12-48 hrs
Potassium-sparing complications -ANSWER Hyperkalemia
Endocrine effects
-deepened voice
-impotence
-irregularities of menstrual cycle
-Hirsutism
Drowsiness, metabolic acidosis
Osmotic diuretics -ANSWER Mannitol
Osmotic pharm action -ANSWER Osmotic diuretics reduce intracranial
pressure and intraocular pressure by raising serum osmolality and drawing
fluid back into the vascular and extra vascular space
Osmotic diuretics therapeutic uses -ANSWER -Preventing kidney failure
-decreased intracranial pressure caused by cerebral edema
,-decreased intraocular pressure
-promotes sodium retention and water excretion in clients who have
hyponatremia and fluid volume loss
-administer for oliguria phase of kidney failure
Osmotic diuretic complications -ANSWER -heart failure , pulmonary edema
-rebound increased intraocular pressure
-fluid and electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis
Ace inhibitors -ANSWER End in "pril"
Therapeutic use in ace inhibitors -ANSWER hypertension
Heart failure
MI
MOA of ACE inhibitors -ANSWER RAAS system suppressor: Inhibits ACE
secretion. Increases sodium and water excretion, potassium retention
Adverse effects of ACEs -ANSWER Hypotension (first-dose)
COUGH (incr. bradykinin)
Metallic taste
Hyperkalemia (K+)
Angioedema
ARBs -ANSWER Losartan
-irbesartan
-candesartan
-olmesartan
-telmisartan
Ending in "sartan"
MOA ARBs -ANSWER Block the action of angiotensin 2 in the body
Therapeutic uses of ARBs -ANSWER -hypertension
-heart failure (valsartan and candesartan)
-stroke prevention (losartan)
-delay the process of of diabetic neuropathy
- protect against MI and stroke and death from cardiac causes in
individuals unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors
-reduce mortality after MI
, -slow the development of diabetic retinopathy
A nurse is assessing a client who has a diagnosis of colon cancer. Which
of the following should the nurse expect? - ANSWER Hematochezia
A nurse is assessing a client admitted with peripheral vascular disease.
Which of the following findings indicates a venous vascular disorder? -
ANSWER Edema of the ankle
A nurse is assessing a client who has pericarditis. In which of the following
areas of the client's chest should the nurse place the stethoscope to best
hear a pericardial friction rub? - ANSWER left lower sternal boarder
A nurse is caring for a client who has a chest tube. The client asks why the
fluid in the water-seal chamber rises and falls. Which of the following
statements should the nurse make? - ANSWER " Your breathing pattern
causes this"
A community health nurse is reviewing home care instructions with an older
adult client who has a new diagnosis of heart failure. Which of the following
is the priority topic for the nurse to review with the client? - ANSWER
Changes in weight
A nurse is teaching a client about the use of transcutaneous electrical
nerve stimulation (TENS) unit. Which of the following statements should the
nurse include? - ANSWER "adjust the dial until you feel a 'pins and
needles' sensation"
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is postoperative following a
total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following statements should the nurse
make? - ANSWER " use raised toilet seat to maintain your hips above the
knees"
A nurse finds a client in bed, unresponsive and breathing. Which of the
following action should the nurse take first? - ANSWER Palpate for the
client's carotid pulse
A nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing a hypertensive crisis.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - ANSWER Perform
neurological assessments
2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/
ALREADY GRADED A++
High ceiling loop diuretics -ANSWER Furosemide
-ethacrynic acid
-bumettanide
-torsemide
High ceiling loop diuretics pharm action -ANSWER Work on the loops of
henle
-block reabsorption of Na and chloride and prevent reabsorption of water
-causes extensive diuresis even w/ severe renal impairment
High ceiling loop diuretics complications -ANSWER -dehydration,
hyponatremia, hypochloremia
-hypotension
-ototoxicity
-hypokalemia
High ceiling can also cause -ANSWER Hyperglycemia
Thiazide diuretics -ANSWER Hydrochlorothiazide
-chlorothiazide
-methyclothiazide
-thiazide type diuretics
-indapamide
-chlorthilidone
-metolazone
Thiazide diuretics pharm action -ANSWER Work in the early distal
convoluted tube
-block reabsorption of Na and chloride and prevent reabsorption of water
-promotes diuresis when renal function is not impaired
Thiazide therapeutic uses -ANSWER First choice med for essential
hypertension
-used for Edsel a in mild-moderate heart failure, liver and kidney disease
-used in combo with anti-hypertension for blood pressure control
,-used to reduce urine production in diabetes insipidus
-reduce risk of post menopausal osteoporosis
Complications of thiazide diuretics -ANSWER -dehydration and
hyponatremia
-hypokalemia and hypochloremia
-hyperglycemia
-hyperuricemia, hypomagnesemia, increase lipids
Thiazides are contraindicated in -ANSWER -pregnancy and breastfeeding
-renal impairment
Potassium sparing diuretics -ANSWER Spironolacton
-triamterene
-amiloride
pharm action of potassium-sparing diuretics -ANSWER Block action of
aldosterone-> potassium retention and the excretion of sodium and water
Potassium-sparing therapeutic uses -ANSWER -combined with other
diuretics for potassium sparing effects to treat hypertension and edema
-administer for heart failure
-effects can take 12-48 hrs
Potassium-sparing complications -ANSWER Hyperkalemia
Endocrine effects
-deepened voice
-impotence
-irregularities of menstrual cycle
-Hirsutism
Drowsiness, metabolic acidosis
Osmotic diuretics -ANSWER Mannitol
Osmotic pharm action -ANSWER Osmotic diuretics reduce intracranial
pressure and intraocular pressure by raising serum osmolality and drawing
fluid back into the vascular and extra vascular space
Osmotic diuretics therapeutic uses -ANSWER -Preventing kidney failure
-decreased intracranial pressure caused by cerebral edema
,-decreased intraocular pressure
-promotes sodium retention and water excretion in clients who have
hyponatremia and fluid volume loss
-administer for oliguria phase of kidney failure
Osmotic diuretic complications -ANSWER -heart failure , pulmonary edema
-rebound increased intraocular pressure
-fluid and electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis
Ace inhibitors -ANSWER End in "pril"
Therapeutic use in ace inhibitors -ANSWER hypertension
Heart failure
MI
MOA of ACE inhibitors -ANSWER RAAS system suppressor: Inhibits ACE
secretion. Increases sodium and water excretion, potassium retention
Adverse effects of ACEs -ANSWER Hypotension (first-dose)
COUGH (incr. bradykinin)
Metallic taste
Hyperkalemia (K+)
Angioedema
ARBs -ANSWER Losartan
-irbesartan
-candesartan
-olmesartan
-telmisartan
Ending in "sartan"
MOA ARBs -ANSWER Block the action of angiotensin 2 in the body
Therapeutic uses of ARBs -ANSWER -hypertension
-heart failure (valsartan and candesartan)
-stroke prevention (losartan)
-delay the process of of diabetic neuropathy
- protect against MI and stroke and death from cardiac causes in
individuals unable to tolerate ACE inhibitors
-reduce mortality after MI
, -slow the development of diabetic retinopathy
A nurse is assessing a client who has a diagnosis of colon cancer. Which
of the following should the nurse expect? - ANSWER Hematochezia
A nurse is assessing a client admitted with peripheral vascular disease.
Which of the following findings indicates a venous vascular disorder? -
ANSWER Edema of the ankle
A nurse is assessing a client who has pericarditis. In which of the following
areas of the client's chest should the nurse place the stethoscope to best
hear a pericardial friction rub? - ANSWER left lower sternal boarder
A nurse is caring for a client who has a chest tube. The client asks why the
fluid in the water-seal chamber rises and falls. Which of the following
statements should the nurse make? - ANSWER " Your breathing pattern
causes this"
A community health nurse is reviewing home care instructions with an older
adult client who has a new diagnosis of heart failure. Which of the following
is the priority topic for the nurse to review with the client? - ANSWER
Changes in weight
A nurse is teaching a client about the use of transcutaneous electrical
nerve stimulation (TENS) unit. Which of the following statements should the
nurse include? - ANSWER "adjust the dial until you feel a 'pins and
needles' sensation"
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is postoperative following a
total hip arthroplasty. Which of the following statements should the nurse
make? - ANSWER " use raised toilet seat to maintain your hips above the
knees"
A nurse finds a client in bed, unresponsive and breathing. Which of the
following action should the nurse take first? - ANSWER Palpate for the
client's carotid pulse
A nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing a hypertensive crisis.
Which of the following actions should the nurse take? - ANSWER Perform
neurological assessments
