OTD 317: 2025 EXAM 1 REVISION QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS CURRENT UPDATED (VERIFIED A+ PASS)

OTD 317: 2025 EXAM 1 REVISION QUESTIONS & CORRECT ANSWERS CURRENT UPDATED (VERIFIED A+ PASS) fundamental components of recovery: - community, systems, and society acceptance and appreciation of consumers - including protecting their rights and eliminating discriminations and stigma are crucial to recovery - RIGHT ANSWER -respect 10 fundamental components of recovery: - consumers decide their path of recovery by optimizing autonomy, independence and control of resources to achieve a self-determined life - RIGHT ANSWER -self direction 10 fundamental components of recovery: - consumers have the authority to choose from a range of options to participate in all decisions- including allocation of resources that will affect their lives, and are educated and supported in doing so - RIGHT ANSWER -empowerment 10 fundamental components of recovery: - consumers take personal responsibility for their own self care and journeys of recovery - RIGHT ANSWER -responsibility 10 fundamental components of recovery: - mutual support including sharing of experiential knowledge and skills and social learning - RIGHT ANSWER -peer support 10 fundamental components of recovery: - recovery encompasses an individual's whole life including mind, body, spirit and community - RIGHT ANSWER -holistic 10 fundamental components of recovery: - recovery focuses on valuing and building on multiple capacities, resiliencies, talents, coping abilities, and inherent worth of individuals - RIGHT ANSWER -strengths based 10 fundamental components of recovery: - recovery is not a step by step process, but one based on continual growth, occasional setbacks and learning from experiences - RIGHT ANSWER -non-linear 10 fundamental components of recovery: - recovery provides the essential and motivating messages of a better future that people can and do overcome the barriers and obstacles that form them - RIGHT ANSWER -hope 10 fundamental components of recovery: - there are multiple paths to recovery based on an individuals unique strengths and resiliences - RIGHT ANSWER -individualized and person-centered 6 core processes of ACT: - attempt to alter the undesirable functions of thoughts and other private events, rather than trying to alter their form, frequency or situational sensitivity. ACT attempts to change the way one interacts with or relates to thoughts by creating contexts in which their unhelpful functions are diminished - RIGHT ANSWER -cognitive diffusion techniques 6 core processes of ACT: - development of larger and larger patterns of effective action linked to chosen values - RIGHT ANSWER -committed action 6 core processes of ACT: - increase psychological flexibility - RIGHT ANSWER -acceptance 6 core processes of ACT: - one is aware of one's own flow of experiences without attachment to them or an investment in which particular experiences occur - fostered by mindfulness exercises, metaphors, and experiential processes - RIGHT ANSWER -self as context 6 core processes of ACT: - uses exercises to help a client choose life directions in various domains while undermining verbal processes that might lead to choices based on avoidance, social compliance, or fusion (ex: a good person should value X, my mother wants me to value X) - RIGHT ANSWER -values a client begins to have strong feelings toward a therapist - RIGHT ANSWER -transference a client can follow complex multiple directions, estimate the effect of actions, and follow complex directions. What is their cognitive level? - RIGHT ANSWER -level 6 a client can remember several steps at a time to perform a task, lacks abstract problem solving skills, and may neglect errors. What cognitive level are they? - RIGHT ANSWER -level 5 a client has the attention span of an hour, ADLs are intact and can understand the purpose of the activity. What is their cognitive level? - RIGHT ANSWER -level 4 a good therapeutic relationship involves what 4 things? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. collaboration 2. consistency 3. validation 4. building of motivation - also involves: trust, connective, collaboration, communication, empathy, mutual understanding a pathological condition focusing on dependence of others - RIGHT ANSWER -co-dependency a period of substance free living - RIGHT ANSWER -abstinence a psychological and physical need for substance - chronic, progressive illness involving the use of alcohol and/or other chemicals where it interferes with normal functioning - RIGHT ANSWER -addiction a specific way of relating to a client, often utilized naturally and can change to fit the needs of the client - what do these build with client - RIGHT ANSWER -therapeutic mode - build rapport with client a therapist starts to have a + or - attitude toward a client that interferes with therapy - RIGHT ANSWER -countertransference ACDM - level 4 (goal-directed actions) - RIGHT ANSWER -- can use visual cues and imitation to achieve a goal -needs some assistance with new tasks -think preschooler-4th grade -could benefit from forward and backward chaining ACDM: - level 5 (exploratory actions) - RIGHT ANSWER --new learning occurs! -can remember several steps from a task -has safety issues with advanced planning -improved social skills - developmental age early teens-early 20s active listening: - how do provide feedback? - RIGHT ANSWER -reflect on what is said by paraphrasing, ask questions to clarify point, summarize speaker's comments periodically active listening: - how do you defer judgment? - RIGHT ANSWER -allow speaker to finish each point before asking questions active listening: - how do you respond appropriately? - RIGHT ANSWER -active listening is designed to encourage respect and understanding - gaining information and perspective to respond active listening: - how do you show that you are listening? - RIGHT ANSWER -- use own body language and gestures to show you are engaged - make sure posture is open and interested active listening: - how do you show that you are paying attention? - RIGHT ANSWER -- give speaker undivided attention - remember that nonverbal communication "speaks" loudly ADCM: - level 6 (planned actions) - RIGHT ANSWER --able to plan, implement and carry out a project -can use unfamiliar tools - considered absence of disability - can think abstractly - developmental age 25+ any event increasing the frequency of a behavior - RIGHT ANSWER -reinforcement (B) applied behavioral FOR behavioral assumptions - behavior is - skills and behaviors can be modified and adapted using - environment provides positive or negative - _ that is only occasionally extinguished will be reinforced - RIGHT ANSWER -- predictable, measurable, objective - learning - reinforcement - maladaptive behavior attitudes, behaviors, beliefs that are used to maintain the addictive process - RIGHT ANSWER -mechanisms behaviors reinforced tend to be repeated, behaviors not reinforced likely will not be repeated - RIGHT ANSWER -operant conditioning (B) being able to determine what is appropriate in one situation and what is not appropriate in another - RIGHT ANSWER -discrimination (B) believes that human occupation is COMPLEX and MULTIFACETED. Role of OT is an advisor and/or collaborator. Has 4 components. - RIGHT ANSWER -MOHO - used by 75% of OT - focus on occupation and a need for balance in work, play, rest, sleep, habits cole's 7 steps of group leadership: - cognitive learning part of the group where OT reviews group's responses to the activity and sums them up with a few principles, OT points out where areas of agreement and disagreement, level of energy of the group - RIGHT ANSWER -generalizing cole's 7 steps of group leadership: - complex process that takes into consideration all we know about clients, health conditions, and their corresponding needs, assessment results, intervention planning, activity analysis and group dynamics - RIGHT ANSWER -activity cole's 7 steps of group leadership: - emphasize most important aspects of the group (based on what the group said/responded), review the goals/content/process, acknowledge members' participation in the group and end on time - RIGHT ANSWER -summary cole's 7 steps of group leadership: - important for group members to express how they feel about the experience, the leader, and other group members. Includes a discussion of nonverbals of the group (power struggles, scapegoating, conflict, attraction, etc) - RIGHT ANSWER -processing cole's 7 steps of group leadership: - leader invites each group member to share his/her own work or experience with the group. leader makes sure all group members' contributions are acknowledged, encourage reluctant members and do not force anyone to share - RIGHT ANSWER -sharing cole's 7 steps of group leadership: - OT helps group understand how the principles learned during the group can be applied to everyday life . OT can help the group with limited self-exposure that isn't too personal but can be helpful to provide concrete examples that opens the door to group members making their own suggestions - RIGHT ANSWER -application cole's 7 steps of group leadership: - OT introduces self and greets group warmly (warm up, setting mood for group, expectation for group, explaining purpose clearly, outline the session) - RIGHT ANSWER -introduction cole's 7 steps of group leadership: - what is the step that is often skipped by inexperienced group leaders? - RIGHT ANSWER -processing communication & therapeutic use of self: - repeating words of the speaker as you have heard them, often phrased as a question. The purpose of this is to help the person continue speaking and let them know you are hearing what they are saying - RIGHT ANSWER -restatement communication & therapeutic use of self: - restatement of a source's own words or ideas into your own words - RIGHT ANSWER -paraphrasing communication & therapeutic use of self: - summarizing/ simplifying the speakers thoughts and feelings and resolving confused verbalizations into clear, concise statements - RIGHT ANSWER -clarification communication & therapeutic use of self: - verbalizing both the content and implied feelings of the speaker. The purpose is to express in words the feelings and attitudes you are picking up from the conversation - RIGHT ANSWER -reflection contacting the present moment fully as a conscious human being, and based on what the situation affords, changing or persisting in behavior in the service of chosen values - RIGHT ANSWER -psychological flexibility continuous behavioral reinforcement (B) - RIGHT ANSWER -given every time description of behavior of others that allows the use to continue his or her substance using behaviors without logical consequences - RIGHT ANSWER -enabling does CB or B teach clients to take RESPONSIBILITY for their choices? - RIGHT ANSWER -cognitive behavioral (CB) does CB or behavioral use a top down approach during intervention? - RIGHT ANSWER -cognitive behavioral (CB) Does MOHO or PEO include a clients desire to perform an occupation? - RIGHT ANSWER -MOHO (volition) - PEO more focused on spirituality and factors affecting occupations during the pre-moral treatment era, what were people with mental illness considered to be, and what did they have an imbalance of? - RIGHT ANSWER -people with mental illness considered "cursed souls" that had an imbalance of the four humors (black bile, yellow bile, blood, phlegm) - the only way to treat mental illness were to address the four humors emotional distress or impairments in functioning directly due to efforts to stop using a substance - RIGHT ANSWER -withdrawal feeling similar feelings about something outside of you versus along with you - RIGHT ANSWER -sympathy fixed interval behavioral reinforcement (B) - RIGHT ANSWER -given after set amount of time fixed ratio behavioral reinforcement (B) - RIGHT ANSWER -given after set number of times for the Allen cognitive disabilites model the goal is NOT to _________________________________. The goal is to ______________________ at the level they are at now. This requires_______________ - RIGHT ANSWER -- NOT to get clients to level 6 or elevate their cognitive level - goal is to allow a client to function safely - requires adapting the environment rather than the person for increased functional performance, safety and client satisfaction group evolves into more order, group consensus reached on how tasks will be delegated, members support each other - RIGHT ANSWER -norming group gets its footing, able to meet goals without leader's direct instruction - RIGHT ANSWER -performing group members come together and work on being occupied and avoiding conflict. At this stage group members are observing one another and figuring out where they fit in the group. What stage of group development is this? - RIGHT ANSWER -forming group starts to sort itself out. Competition for certain positions occurs in this stage. What stage of group development is this? - RIGHT ANSWER -storming how are cognitive behavioral and behavioral FOR different? - RIGHT ANSWER --CB is focused on modifying way of thinking to change behavior and teach the client how to change their own behavior -B is focused on modifying the clients behavior utilizing a variety of methods. "training" the client how did disability advocacy play a role in mental health history? - RIGHT ANSWER -disability advocates make the push that those with mental illness are allowed to move to mental institutions that foster the least restrictive environment in the community or community-based programs how does the psychodynamic FOR view occupation? - RIGHT ANSWER -views occupation as a primary path to a meaningful life and a necessary building block to satisfying human relationships - client-therapist relationship is important how many levels does the ACDM have? - RIGHT ANSWER -6 - typically see levels 4-6 in mental health practice in the ACDM, what happens as cognitive level increases? - RIGHT ANSWER -as cognitive level increases, amount of assistance needed to do a task decreases in what 7 ways does the recovery movement align with OT? - integrate - facilitate - provide - offers - identify - facilitate - attentive to - RIGHT ANSWER -1. integrate expertise into a collaborative relationship with the individual 2. facilitate engagement in activities and relationships 3. provide the "just right challenge" 4. offers recovery-oriented treatment 5. identify strengths, opportunities, and resources that exist in their communities 6. facilitate and empower them to take an active role in the management of their conditions 7. attentive to the impact of trauma and culture (both influence how we seek help, participate in the care delivery process and what their expected outcomes may be) increasing tolerance of a substance to achieve the same effect - user demonstrates a maladaptive pattern of use within a 12-month period characterized by recurrent and adverse consequences - RIGHT ANSWER -substance abuse intermittent behavioral reinforcement (B) - RIGHT ANSWER -given randomly interviewing a person to get to know them. all about inspiring them to make changes and embracing what they do well (focusing on strengths) - RIGHT ANSWER -motivational interviewing is setting boundaries important when it comes to mental health care and OT? - RIGHT ANSWER -YES! KAWA model components: - areas for OT intervention that help us identify opportunities for enhancing flow - RIGHT ANSWER -spaces KAWA model components: - environment/context (family, friends, space demands), will expand and shrink depending on what is going on in the environment - RIGHT ANSWER -riverbanks KAWA model components: - flow of life, what roles you embody / your meaningful occupations (student, daughter) - RIGHT ANSWER -riverflow KAWA model components: - obstacles or challenges/ impairments to occupational performance that can be real or perceived, fears or concerns, inconvenient circumstances - RIGHT ANSWER -rocks - bigger the rock, the bigger the obstacle/impairment/fear KAWA model components: - personal resources that are accessed that are assets or liabilities. Personal experiences, personality traits, special skills, deficits, abilities, values, beliefs - RIGHT ANSWER -driftwood - positive - floating - negative - wedged between rocks MOHO components: - ability to do things. use and experience of underlying capacities in performance - RIGHT ANSWER -performance capacity - can be objective (mental and physical abilities) or subjective (lived experiences) MOHO components: - being able to sustain participation in occupations consistent with occupational identity - RIGHT ANSWER -occupational competence MOHO components: - drive to engage in occupation that influences choice and motivation in daily occupations - RIGHT ANSWER -volition MOHO components: - how people organize their actions into patterns and routines - RIGHT ANSWER -habituation MOHO components: - person's cumulative experiences of participation in occupations and development of skilled performance of those occupation over time create a sense of who they are - RIGHT ANSWER -occupational identity MOHO components: - what 3 things does volition include? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. personal causation - how capable and effective the person feels 2. values - important and meaningful 3. interests - person finds enjoyable and satisfying more than abstinence; a style of living without drugs or alcohol and the person engages in ways to prevent future use - RIGHT ANSWER -sobriety motivational interviewing: - what does it provide - what does it break down - RIGHT ANSWER -- provides direct and client-centered treatment - breaks down the wall to build relationship with client not engaging in unwanted/inappropriate behaviors once reinforcement is withdrawn - RIGHT ANSWER -extinguishment (B) occupation focused model of practice that seeks to explain how people choose, organize, and orchestrate their everyday occupations to develop and sustain patterns of participation over their lives. - it provides a framework for understanding threats to, or problems with, participation in occupations that people experience and paints a holistic view of the individual - RIGHT ANSWER -MOHO OT practitioners develop and manage their therapeutic relationship with clients by using professional reasoning, empathy, and a client-centered collaborative approach to service delivery - RIGHT ANSWER -therapeutic use of self over time your client is now able to transform unwanted impulses into something better. they are able to stop themselves from falling into poor behavior. what kind of defense is this? - RIGHT ANSWER -mature defense (psychodynamic FOR) persons are given points or tokens for appropriate behavior that can be exchanged for special privileges or items - RIGHT ANSWER -token economy (B) position or status within a social group that determines the manner and content of engagement in occupations and how a person should behave in a given role - RIGHT ANSWER -roles presenting a motiving stimulus as a result of a desired behavior - RIGHT ANSWER -positive reinforcement (B) process of regaining important life roles, routines, habits that support abstinence and sobriety - RIGHT ANSWER -recovery recovery treatment concepts: - providers need to acknowledge the subjective recovery of a person as well as believe recovery is possible and instill and maintain hope - RIGHT ANSWER -recovery as a framework for services recovery treatment concepts: - recovery acknowledges the success of a person by increased sense of self. It is a holistic view of the individual that addresses physical, emotional, mental, spiritual, and environment of the individual. - RIGHT ANSWER -subjective recovery treatment concepts: - recovery does not imply a full remission of symptoms nor an absence of symptoms. The key is consistent measurable positive progress in key areas such as: housing, employment, education, and hospitalization - RIGHT ANSWER -objective refers to addiction that involves compulsive behaviors - RIGHT ANSWER -behavioral addiction refers to addiction that involves the use of substances - RIGHT ANSWER -chemical addiction reflecting what is said and reflecting the emotions and feelings looking at what and how something was said - RIGHT ANSWER -empathy roles shifting and tasks accomplished - RIGHT ANSWER -reforming self-reinforcement behavioral reinforcement (B) - RIGHT ANSWER -sense of accomplishment when you perform good behavior sharing of a personal story or professional experience as a way of sharing how you handled a similar experience - offering a different perspective - providing an alternative approach - RIGHT ANSWER -self-disclosure single episodes of substance use during which behavior is affected - RIGHT ANSWER -intoxication strong internal stimulus that compels a person to seek and use substance - RIGHT ANSWER -craving sympathy with condescension, comparing yourself with another and feeling better off. "you poor thing" - RIGHT ANSWER -pity T or F ACLS (Allen Cognitive Level Screen) is ONLY a screening tool. - RIGHT ANSWER -true!! has to be utilized with other form of evaluation (observation) T or F. according to the PEO model as long as two out of the three (person, environment & occupation) are balanced the client will have successful occupational performance. - RIGHT ANSWER -false!! - all three work together to determine the outcome for the client - you can't be lacking in even one of the components because it effects the other two T or F. a change in any of the subsystems of MOHO will change the whole - RIGHT ANSWER -true! T or F. both the OT and OTA can administer and score the (L)ACLS-5 and both can interpret the score. - RIGHT ANSWER -false!! both can administer, but ONLY OT can interpret results T or F. occupational performance involves BOTH the subjective experience and the performance of the occupation within a given environment, and is experienced UNIQUELY for each person - RIGHT ANSWER -true!! why PEO is so client-centered taking something negative away in order to increase a response - RIGHT ANSWER -negative reinforcement (B) teaching modules of DBT: - help prepare you for intense emotions and empower you to cope with them with a more positive long-term outlook - RIGHT ANSWER -distress tolerance skills teaching modules of DBT: - helps to become more assertive in a relationship while still keeping it positive and healthy; you learn to deal with challenging people, respect yourself and others - RIGHT ANSWER -interpersonal effectiveness teaching modules of DBT: - helps you slow down and focus on healthy coping skills when you are in the midst of emotional pain; can help you stay calm and avoid engaging in automatic negative thought patterns and impulsive behavior - RIGHT ANSWER -mindfulness teaching modules of DBT: - lets you navigate powerful feelings in a more effective way; helps you to identify, name, and change your emotions to reduce emotional vulnerability and have more positive emotional experiences - RIGHT ANSWER -emotional regulation the alcohol or drug selected most often and preferred by the person with substance abuse dependence - RIGHT ANSWER -drug of choice the difference between a person functioning at an Allen Cognitive Level 4 vs. a Level 3 is that the person is able to have __________________ actions - RIGHT ANSWER -goal directed the health and wellness movement shifted the focus to: - issues with - higher rates of - changes - incorporated - RIGHT ANSWER -- issues with mortality and morbidity - higher rates of obesity and addiction - lifestyle changed - incorporated peer support the OT you are shadowing describes someone as having their occupational adaptation threatened causing dysfunction. What model is this? - RIGHT ANSWER -MOHO (dysfunction) the purpose of this FOR is to provide insight into current behaviors by examining the past, exploring unresolved conflict and analyzing troubled feelings to achieve self-control - RIGHT ANSWER -psychodynamic FOR therapeutic modes: - help the client work though problems regarding the barriers holding back the client the most - RIGHT ANSWER -problem-solve therapeutic modes: - motivate the client - RIGHT ANSWER -encourage therapeutic modes: - providing direction - RIGHT ANSWER -instruct therapeutic modes: - speak on behalf of the patient. For their needs ex. equipment, housing... etc. - RIGHT ANSWER -advocate therapeutic modes: - understand what is life for this person by really understanding the client - RIGHT ANSWER -empathize therapeutic modes: - work with care team/ family/ those who come in contact with the client - RIGHT ANSWER -collaborate this early occupational therapy approach developed by dr. adolf meyer returned handicapped workers to a productive, self-supported living -moved away from a life of bed rest and dependence. - RIGHT ANSWER -work cure movement this early occupational therapy approach developed by eleanor clarke slagle that emphasized teaching people to organize and balance daily activities of work, play, rest and sleep - RIGHT ANSWER -habit training this early occupational therapy approach/movement placed value on creating something with your own hands/providing satisfying work - RIGHT ANSWER -arts and crafts movement this FOR believes behavior can be modified and adapted through learning/ training. - RIGHT ANSWER -applied behavioral FOR (B) This FOR believes behavior is influenced by conscious and unconscious thoughts - RIGHT ANSWER -psychodynamic FOR this FOR believes that clients are personal experts on their own lives and are capable of increased understanding of self and others - RIGHT ANSWER -psychodynamic FOR this legislation makes it so legally their must be provided community based services to persons with disabilities when services are appropriate, the individual does not oppose it and they can be reasonably accommodated - RIGHT ANSWER -olmstead decision this legislation prohibits discrimination based on disability and requires public places to have accommodations - RIGHT ANSWER -american disability act (ADA) this model is focused on the relationship of person, environment and occupation with a core in spirituality. It also believes that if you change one part of the model you can change all parts. Nothing occurs in isolation. - RIGHT ANSWER -PEO model this model precisely addresses the remaining functional behavior of a client and how to maximize that function in the most appropriate environment - RIGHT ANSWER -ACDM - allen cognitive disability model this model rejects conventional models. It constructs the self and environment as separate. It can be a MOP, FOR, assessment tool and modality of treatment. What is this model? - RIGHT ANSWER -KAWA model token economies behavioral reinforcement (B) - RIGHT ANSWER -rewarding good behavior with something desirable types of group leaders: - group makes the decisions under the guidance of the leader, all policies are open for discussion and decision, leader acts as a resource - RIGHT ANSWER -democratic leader types of group leaders: - group makes the decisions, presents the group with supplies and information as needed - RIGHT ANSWER -laissez-faire leader types of group leaders: - leader defines group, selects activities, structures group appropriately, uses authority as necessary to keep group therapeutic - RIGHT ANSWER -directive types of group leaders: - leader earns support by allowing group to make choices, shows care and concern, guides group decisions acting as a resource - RIGHT ANSWER -facilitative leader types of group leaders: - leader makes decision, dictates rules, does not discuss problems - RIGHT ANSWER -autocratic leader types of group leaders: - leader offers expertise as requested, usually used when working with professionals or community groups - RIGHT ANSWER -advisor typical or routine learned ways of doing in which a person performs tasks, predictable and stable and allow us to be effective and efficient - RIGHT ANSWER -habits what 2 things does habituation include? - RIGHT ANSWER -roles and habits what 3 things emerged as a result of the mental hygiene movement? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. psychoanalysis/psychotherapy 2. psychotropic medications 3. medical model what are 10 advantages of groups? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. natural environment to build social and support skills 2. natural peer collaboration, problem solving, sharing of knowledge 3. provides sense of identity, self-worth 4. provides structure and feedback 5. provides reality orientation 6. same skills needed for 1:1 needed for group 7. cathartic - how to make sure individuals are feeling supported within the group setting 8. builds/instills/maintains hope 9. promotes growth and change 10. cost-effective what are 3 reasons why the PEO model is used in mental health? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. promotes individual's personal preferences 2. promotes full participation in activities 2. facilitates communication between other team members to work interprofessionally toward client's goals what are 4 disadvantages of groups? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. fear of rejection from others 2. self-disclosure 3. shy 4. not able to express self verbally 5. not individualized what are 5 ways to build rapport during the initial occupational profile and interventions? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. be prepared (read client notes, review chart before each session) 2. listen without judgment 3. use disclosure with caution (must maintain professional boundaries) 4. be aware of limitations in knowledge and expertise (be honest when you are unsure) 5. use empathy - active listening what are 7 barriers of self disclosure? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. discomfort or unease about self-disclosure (especially intimate) 2. power dilemmas 3. disturbing or conflicting non-verbal cues 4. resistance/reluctance 5. boundary testing and setting strong limits 6. take empathy breaks 7. emotionally charged situation - client or therapist loses control what are 8 ways to incorporate motivational interviewing into OT? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. ask open-ended questions 2. identify a client's readiness to change (we can help them contemplate readiness to change) 3. use reflexive/active listening 4. be optimistic about positive change (client should feel therapist believes in their ability to achieve goals) 5. collaborate (our clients are our partners) 6. offer feedback (ask first, then provide fact-based feedback, then ask for thoughts on your feedback) 7. options are our friends (options help to maintain autonomy - therefore empowered to make changes) 8. invite decision making what are 9 signs of chemical addiction? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. cravings intense enough to affect your ability to think about other things 2. a need to use more of the substance to experience the same effects 3. unease or discomfort if you can't easily access the substance 4. risky substance use (driving or working while using it) 5. trouble managing work, school, or household responsibilities because of substance use 6. friendship or relationship difficulties related to substance use 7. spending less time on activities you used to enjoy 8. an inability to stop using the substance 9. withdrawal symptoms when you try to quit what are beatrice wright's 11 principles of care? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. respect and encouragement for individual 2. severity of handicap can be increased/diminished by environment 3. issues of coping and adjusting to a disability cannot be validly considered without examining real problems that exist as barriers in the social and physical environment. 4. assets of person must receive considerable attention 5. significance of a disability is affected by the person's feelings about the self and his/her situation 6. active participation of the client in the planning and execution of the rehab program is to be sought as fully as possible 7. variability according to a person's unique characteristics and situation 8. interdisciplinary and interagency collaboration and coordination of services are essential 9. rehabilitation clients commonly share certain problems by virtue of their disadvantaged and devalued position 10. society as a whole must continuously strive to provide the basic means toward fulfillment of the lives of all its inhabitants, including those with disabilities. 11. people with disabilities, like all citizens, are entitled to participate and contribute to the general life of the community what are cole's 7 steps of group leadership? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. introduction 2. activity 3. sharing 4. processing 5. generalizing 6. application 7. summary what are limitations and precautions in group protocol? - RIGHT ANSWER -limitations - contraindications (something that limits person from participating) precautions - care needs to be taken in advance to prevent harm what are signs of opioid addiction? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. noticeable elation 2. sedation/drowsiness 3. constricted pupils 4. confusion 5. slowed breathing 6. constipation 7. intermittent 8. nodding off 9. doctor shopping 10. shifting or dramatically changing moods 11. extra pill bottles turning up in trash 12. social-withdrawal 13. sudden financial problems what are the 10 fundamental components of recovery? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. self direction 2. individualized and personalized 3. empowerment 4. holistic 5. non-linear 6. strengths-based 7. peer support 8. respect 9. responsibility 10. hope what are the 10 key components of group protocol? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. names of group leaders 2. title of group 3. source of group idea and activity 4. description of group (general intent of group) 5. goals 6. materials and costs 7. session formats (outline steps in numerical order, includes all details so someone could recreate session from this instruction only) 8. limitations and precautions 9. grading (use activity analysis skills) 10. theme (unifying subject or idea. ex "salsa group") what are the 2 types of inpatient hospital admission for mental health care? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. involuntary commitment (clear evidence that person danger to themselves/others, cannot provide basic needs) 2. emergency hospitalization what are the 3 dimensions of doing in MOHO? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. occupational skills 2. occupational performance 3. occupational participation what are the 3 goals of ACT? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. increase psychological flexibility 2. through metaphor, paradox, and experiential exercises, clients can learn how to make healthy contact with thoughts, feelings, memories, and physical sensations that have been feared or avoided 3. clients gain skills to recontexualize and accept these private events, develop greater clarity about personal values, and commit to needed behavior change what are the 3 intervention approaches to community care in mental health? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. psychiatric rehab (individualized, focus on skill development) 2. community case management (planning services indicated by person's needs) 3. psychosocial clubhouse model (continuum of recovery) what are the 3 intervention strategies of DBT? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. integration of DBT and zen buddhism 2. comprehensive cognitive behavior treatment for complex/difficult mental disorders such as borderline personality disorder, mood disorders, self-injury, chemical dependency 3. used in IP, residential, juvenile justice, school settings what are the 3 recovery treatment concepts? - recovery can be... - RIGHT ANSWER -1. subjective 2. framework for service 3. objective what are the 3 types of inpatient mental health care? - RIGHT ANSWER -acute care - generally brief inpatient hospitalization - brief, structured intervention specialized hospitalization - offers specialized programs that address unique needs (substance abuse, eating disorders) what are the 4 characteristics in which OT promotes mental health in the recovery model? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. positive affect or emotional state 2. positive psychological and social function 3. productive activities 4. resilience in the face of adversity and ability to cope with life stressors (bounce back) what are the 4 components of MOHO? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. habituation 2. performance skills 3. environment 4. volition what are the 4 general categories of substance abuse? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. intoxication 2. abuse 3. addiction 4. withdrawal what are the 4 goals of DBT? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. teach people how to live in the moment 2. develop healthy ways to cope with stress 3. regulate their emotions 4. improve relationships with others what are the 4 main types of communication used with therapeutic use of self? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. restatement 2. paraphrasing 3. reflection 4. clarification what are the 4 primary teaching models of DBT? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. mindfulness 2. emotion regulation 3. interpersonal effectiveness 4. distress tolerance skills what are the 4 purposes of WRAP? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. help decrease and prevent intrusive or troubling feelings/behaviors 2. increase personal empowerment 3. improve quality of life 4. achieve ones' own life goals and dreams what are the 4 types of defense mechanisms in the psychodynamic FOR? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. narcissistic defenses 2. immature defenses 3. neurotic defenses 4. mature defenses what are the 5 advantages of co-leadership? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. mutual support 2. increased level of knowledge and expertise 3. increased objectivity 4. role modeling 5. diverse roles what are the 5 components of active listening? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. pay attention 2. show that you are listening 3. provide feedback 4. defer judgment 5. respond appropriately what are the 5 components of the KAWA model? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. river 2. riverbanks 3. rocks 4. driftwood 5. spaces what are the 5 disadvantages of co-leadership - RIGHT ANSWER -1. splitting 2. competition 3. conflict 4. communication 5. unequal work what are the 5 stages of group development? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. forming 2. storming 3. norming 4. performing 5. reforming what are the 6 core processes of ACT? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. acceptance 2. cognitive diffusion techniques 3. being present 4. self as context 5. values 6. committed action what are the 6 therapeutic modes? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. advocate 2. collaborate 3. empathize 4. encourage 5. instruct 6. problem-solve what are the 6 types of defense mechanisms in addiction? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. denial - I can quit when I want to, I don't have a drinking problem 2. rationalization - everyone else is doing it 3. minimization - I am in college, this is normal behavior. It is just beer, not a big deal 4. blaming - my boss is a jerk, I have to because I deal with such difficult people 5. charming - easier to talk to people and how people interact with them, coming out of their shell 6. aggression - angry drunk what are the 6 types of group leaders? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. autocratic 2. directive 3. democratic 4. facilitative 5. laissez-faire 6. advisor what are the 7 components of WRAP? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. wellness toolbox 2. daily plan 3. stressors 4. early warning signs 5. when things are breaking down 6. crisis plan 7. post-crisis plan what changes related to mental health practice did we see in the 4th edition of the OTPF - RIGHT ANSWER -health management added as occupation - acknowledges the professions' belief that active engagement in occupation promotes, facilitates, supports, and maintains health and participation what did the moral treatment era provide, remove, and encourage? - RIGHT ANSWER -- provided labor or interesting occupations and treating person with kindness - removed restraints - encouraged participation in activities what did the omstead act and american disabilites act reinforce? - RIGHT ANSWER -reinforced and supported purpose of deinstitutionalization stating persons dx with mental illnesses have the right to live in the least restrictive environment and rights to reasonable community accommodations what does acceptance and commitment theory (ACT) focus on? - RIGHT ANSWER -psychological intervention based on modern behavioral psychology (Relational Frame Theory) that applies mindfulness and acceptance processes, and commitment and behavior change processes, to the creation of psychological flexibility what does dialectial behavior therapy (DBT) focus on? - RIGHT ANSWER -helping patients find ways to accept themselves, feel safe, and manage their emotions to help regulate potential destructive or harmful behaviors what does empathy build and encourage? - RIGHT ANSWER -builds rapport and encourages more disclosure what does occupational performance include? - RIGHT ANSWER -subjective and objective experience and the performance of an occupation in a given environment - experienced uniquely for each person - fit of PEO determines quality of outcome what does sympathy provide? - RIGHT ANSWER -comfort or reassurance what does WRAP stand for? - RIGHT ANSWER -wellness recovery action plan what influenced treatment during the pre-moral treatment era? - RIGHT ANSWER -person's religious faith and beliefs influenced treatment what is considered to be the most powerful tool of therapy? - RIGHT ANSWER -therapeutic use of self what is occupational performance in the PEO model? - RIGHT ANSWER -sweet point that is a result of the dynamic relationship between persons, environment, and occupations over a person's lifespan what is OT focus in inpatient hospitalization? - RIGHT ANSWER -transition into least restrictive care what is recovery-oriented care? - RIGHT ANSWER -should engage people with mental illness, support system, and others that support them (employers, landlords) in planning and evaluating their care what is the "problem" according to CB FOR? - RIGHT ANSWER -the problem is that the client has a distortion in processing information about themselves or environment resulting in behavioral/ psychological problems. what is the backbone of group protocol? - RIGHT ANSWER -goals what is the core of all PEO interactions? - RIGHT ANSWER -spirituality (beliefs, values, goals) what is the difference between skilled and unskilled terminology for reimbursement? - RIGHT ANSWER -skilled terminology addresses: - what a person did - why a person did it - why did they do what they did - *ties what we are doing to function - ALWAYS* what is the E in the PEO model? - RIGHT ANSWER -the context or ENVIRONMENT where an occupation takes place. -this does not only include physical environment. ex- work, family, employment, health insurance, transportation... what is the focus of cognitive behavioral FOR? - RIGHT ANSWER -changing thoughts to change emotions to change actions - built on concepts of basic learning theory what is the lowest cognitive level that a person can be left alone? (still needs protection and supervision) - RIGHT ANSWER -level 4.6 what is the neurochemistry of dependence theory? - RIGHT ANSWER -drug displaces the neurochemical for pleasure (endorphins) - body shuts down the production of endorphins (because getting it from outside source) and then leads to strong craving for the drug what is the O in the PEO model? - RIGHT ANSWER -OCCUPATION- cluster of activities and tasks which people engage while carrying out various roles in multiple locations - ADLs, IADLs, education, work, play leisure, social participation, and health management what is the overall goal of the ACDM? - RIGHT ANSWER -determine client's best ability to function in the least restrictive environment what is the P in the PEO model? - RIGHT ANSWER -the whole PERSON (mind, body, spirit) who has physical abilities, affective interactions, cognitive skills and spiritual preferences what is the purpose of group protocol? - RIGHT ANSWER -created as a standardized structure to creating and facilitating a group in a thoughtful manner what is the relationship between youth and addiction? - RIGHT ANSWER -younger the age of onset of drinking/drug use the greater the change of developing alcoholism or drug addiction - become emotionally paralyzed at age started using what is therapeutic use of self all about? - RIGHT ANSWER -forming and maintaining relationships with individuals what is WRAP? - who controls the process - RIGHT ANSWER -personalized wellness and recovery system born out of the principle of self-determination. - INDIVIDUAL controls the process what was moral treatment considered to be? - RIGHT ANSWER -considered a psychosocial treatment in contrast with physical treatment what was the era of mental health care before the 1900s called? - RIGHT ANSWER -pre-moral treatment what was the era of mental health care during the early 1900s called? - RIGHT ANSWER -moral treatment era what was the era of mental health care in the 2000s called? - RIGHT ANSWER -recovery movement what was the era of mental health care in the 2010s called? - RIGHT ANSWER -health and wellness movement what was the mental health movement at the turn of the 20th century called? - RIGHT ANSWER -mental hygiene movement what were living conditions like for those with mental illness during the pre-moral treatment era? - provide examples - RIGHT ANSWER -poor living conditions - cold sheet packs, restraints, purging/bleeding what were the 3 early occupational therapy approaches? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. arts and crafts movement 2. work cure 3. habit training what were the 3 main features of the recovery movement? - all persons can - person is - based on - RIGHT ANSWER -- all persons can and do recover - person is expert on his/herself - based on concepts of strengths and empowerment what were the 4 early uses of occupation? - occupations that provided - occupations that restored - vocational education to - "bedside OT" that gives a start in - RIGHT ANSWER -- provided a diversion from pain and struggles - restored mental and physical function - return one to gainful employment related to past employment or proposed future employment - an avocation or hobby what were two key legislations in mental health history? - RIGHT ANSWER -1. olmstead decision 2. american disabilities act (ADA) when your client acts out they attempt to repress poor behaviors and sometimes show signs of dissociation. what kind of defense is this? - RIGHT ANSWER -neurotic defense (psychodynamic FOR) which of the 10 fundamental components of recovery is known as the catalyst for recovery? - RIGHT ANSWER -hope who spearheaded the mental hygiene movement? - RIGHT ANSWER -clifford beers why do we address psychosocial concerns with our clients with physical disabilities/chronic conditions? - RIGHT ANSWER -important for OT to be able to understand psychosocial aspects of a condition or illness just as much as medical components of illness - we have to respect the individual and their recovery process - by meeting people where they are at we can provide them with the tools to facilitate healing, function, and knowledge in the "just right" amounts you are a great communicator because you got your degree from Creighton. You utilize this technique of summarizing or simplifying the speakers thoughts and feelings to resolve confused verbalizations into clear concise statements. - RIGHT ANSWER -clarification you are a great communicator because you got your degree from Creighton. You utilize this technique of verbalizing both the content and implied feelings of the speaker. - RIGHT ANSWER -reflection ex. I am hearing what you are saying. it seems you are feeling X, Y, Z. is that true? you are a great communicator because you got your degree from Creighton. You utilize this technique restatement of the clients words in your own words to let the client know your perception and that you are listening. - RIGHT ANSWER -paraphrasing you are a great communicator because you got your degree from Creighton. You utilize this technique to repeat the words of the speaker as you have heart them to help the client continue speaking - RIGHT ANSWER -restatement you are observing an OT and they are taking into account the clients roles and routines. Are they utilizing the PEO or the MOHO model? - RIGHT ANSWER -MOHO (habituation) you are observing an OT and they are teaching the client how to regulate their own behavior by using techniques: modeling, self-control, self-regulation, self-efficacy, self-awareness and insight. What FOR is the OT using? - RIGHT ANSWER -cognitive behavioral FOR you are shadowing an OT and they are assessing a clients drive to engage in occupation. They are looking at how confident the client feels they can do something, their values and interests. What component are they evaluating and what model is this under? - RIGHT ANSWER -MOHO (volition) you are shadowing an OT and they are evaluating someones organization of activities throughout the day. What their specific position or status is within their social groups and their daily routines. What component is this and what model does it fall under? - RIGHT ANSWER -MOHO (habituation) you are shadowing an OT and they are evaluating their clients ability to do things. Specifically their processing, communication, interaction and motor skills. What component is this and what model does it fall under? - RIGHT ANSWER -MOHO (performance skills/capacity) you are utilizing KAWA model and a client confides in you that an aspect of their personality they believe to be detrimental is anxiety. What would this be represented as in their river model? - RIGHT ANSWER -negative driftwood catching on rocks you are utilizing KAWA model and a client proudly tells you that they are very organized. What would this be represented as in their river model? - RIGHT ANSWER -positive driftwood floating on the river and pushing the rocks out of the way you are utilizing KAWA model and a client tells you that being a mother is the role that keeps her going. What would this be represented as in their river model? - RIGHT ANSWER -riverflow - flow of life and meaningful occupations you are utilizing KAWA model and a client tells you that they are under performing in work because their car broke down and the bus is always running late. What would this be represented as in their river model? - RIGHT ANSWER -rock - obstacle/challenge you are utilizing KAWA model and you realize that your client would benefit from developing time management skills. What would this be represented as in their river model? - RIGHT ANSWER -spaces - areas for OT intervention your client is acting out and often says his stomach is too upset to go to school. what kind of defense is this? - RIGHT ANSWER -immature defense (psychodynamic FOR) your client projects feelings onto others and denies and distorts the big picture in order to like themselves more. what kind of defense is this? - RIGHT ANSWER -narcissistic defense