Physiology 2 Final Exam Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
Differentiate between digestion and metabolism -
correct answer ✅Digestion: the chemical and mechanical
breakdown of foods into smaller units that can be absorbed.
Metabolism: the chemical processes that occur within a living
organism in order to maintain life. Combination of anabolism
(building complex from simple) and catabolism (breakdown of
complex into simple)
Provide a summary of motility, secretion, digestion and absorption
in the different regions of the digestive system -
correct answer ✅Motility: Forward motion of food through the
digestive tract. Grinding of stomach and mixing of intestine.
Secretion: Acids, paracrine signaling, hormones
Digestion: Breakdown of foods
Absorption: Movement of nutrients from the lumen of the GI tract
into the blood (crossing epithelial cells).
-Lipids: digestion begins in stomach, finished in small intestine
where it is absorbed.
-Carbohydrates: Digestion begins in mouth, finished in small
intestine where they are absorbed in forms of glucose, fructose,
and galactose.
,Physiology 2 Final Exam Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
-Proteins: Digestion begins in stomach, finished in small intestine
where it is absorbed.
Describe the purpose of the three patterns of contractions in the
gastrointestinal system: migrating motor complexes, peristalsis, and
segmental contractions -
correct answer ✅-Migrating Motor Complexes: originates in
stomach, innate (every 75-90 min), functions as housekeeping,
moves indigestible products through GI tract and prevents bacteria
from moving into ileum. Eliminates bowel blockages.
-Peristalsis: Contraction behind bolus to move forward in
unidirectional fashion
-Segmental Contractions: Mixing, no net movement- "sloshing"
Match the appropriate cell type (parietal, goblet, columnar
epithelial, chief, mucous, G, acinar cells) to its function, secretion,
and location within the gastrointestinal tract -
correct answer ✅-Parietal: (stomach) secrete acid- aid in digestion
-Goblet: (intestine) secrete mucous- protect and lubricate GI tract
-Columnar Epithelial: (mucosa of stomach or SI) secrete digestive
enzymes
-Chief: (stomach) secretes pepsinogen- pepsin's proenzyme
, Physiology 2 Final Exam Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
-Mucous: (stomach) secrete mucous- protect and lubricate GI tract
-G: (stomach) secrete gastrin which stimulates gastric acid secretion
and mucosal growth. Inhibited by somatostatin.
-Acinar Cells: (pancreas) secrete digestive enzymes through ducts
into the small intestine
Differentiate between the functions of the cephalic, gastric, and
intestinal phases of digestion. -
correct answer ✅-Cephalic phase: (head) sight, smell, thought of
food, feedforward responses (salivation and secretion)
-Gastric phase: (stomach)- upper stomach receives and stores,
lower stomach digests, secretes acid and grinds
-Intestinal phase: (intestine) negative feedback ensures slow rate of
food entering SI, slows acid production, feedforward produces
digestive enzymes (pancreas bicarb)
Diagram and explain the interaction of the long and short reflexes
that control the digestive system function -
correct answer ✅
Explain the role of gut hormones (gastrin, secretin, motilin, ghrelin,
leptin) in local and systemic control of digestion and other
Answers Latest 2025
Differentiate between digestion and metabolism -
correct answer ✅Digestion: the chemical and mechanical
breakdown of foods into smaller units that can be absorbed.
Metabolism: the chemical processes that occur within a living
organism in order to maintain life. Combination of anabolism
(building complex from simple) and catabolism (breakdown of
complex into simple)
Provide a summary of motility, secretion, digestion and absorption
in the different regions of the digestive system -
correct answer ✅Motility: Forward motion of food through the
digestive tract. Grinding of stomach and mixing of intestine.
Secretion: Acids, paracrine signaling, hormones
Digestion: Breakdown of foods
Absorption: Movement of nutrients from the lumen of the GI tract
into the blood (crossing epithelial cells).
-Lipids: digestion begins in stomach, finished in small intestine
where it is absorbed.
-Carbohydrates: Digestion begins in mouth, finished in small
intestine where they are absorbed in forms of glucose, fructose,
and galactose.
,Physiology 2 Final Exam Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
-Proteins: Digestion begins in stomach, finished in small intestine
where it is absorbed.
Describe the purpose of the three patterns of contractions in the
gastrointestinal system: migrating motor complexes, peristalsis, and
segmental contractions -
correct answer ✅-Migrating Motor Complexes: originates in
stomach, innate (every 75-90 min), functions as housekeeping,
moves indigestible products through GI tract and prevents bacteria
from moving into ileum. Eliminates bowel blockages.
-Peristalsis: Contraction behind bolus to move forward in
unidirectional fashion
-Segmental Contractions: Mixing, no net movement- "sloshing"
Match the appropriate cell type (parietal, goblet, columnar
epithelial, chief, mucous, G, acinar cells) to its function, secretion,
and location within the gastrointestinal tract -
correct answer ✅-Parietal: (stomach) secrete acid- aid in digestion
-Goblet: (intestine) secrete mucous- protect and lubricate GI tract
-Columnar Epithelial: (mucosa of stomach or SI) secrete digestive
enzymes
-Chief: (stomach) secretes pepsinogen- pepsin's proenzyme
, Physiology 2 Final Exam Questions And
Answers Latest 2025
-Mucous: (stomach) secrete mucous- protect and lubricate GI tract
-G: (stomach) secrete gastrin which stimulates gastric acid secretion
and mucosal growth. Inhibited by somatostatin.
-Acinar Cells: (pancreas) secrete digestive enzymes through ducts
into the small intestine
Differentiate between the functions of the cephalic, gastric, and
intestinal phases of digestion. -
correct answer ✅-Cephalic phase: (head) sight, smell, thought of
food, feedforward responses (salivation and secretion)
-Gastric phase: (stomach)- upper stomach receives and stores,
lower stomach digests, secretes acid and grinds
-Intestinal phase: (intestine) negative feedback ensures slow rate of
food entering SI, slows acid production, feedforward produces
digestive enzymes (pancreas bicarb)
Diagram and explain the interaction of the long and short reflexes
that control the digestive system function -
correct answer ✅
Explain the role of gut hormones (gastrin, secretin, motilin, ghrelin,
leptin) in local and systemic control of digestion and other
