NACC PSW FINAL EXAM 2024/2025 QUESTIONS AND
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
Aging and growing older is - ANSWER normal process during which the
body experiences changes in body structure and function, increasing the
risk for illness, injury, persistent illness and disability. These changes are
usually gradual. Emotional and social changes also occur.
The developmental tasks of late adulthood are as follows: - ANSWER •
adjusting to decreased physical strength and loss of health
• adjusting to retirement and reduced income
• coping with the death of a partner
• developing new friends and relationships
• preparing for one's own death
CARING FOR OLDER CLIENTS: - ANSWER Mainstream culture in North
America tends to overvalue youth. Treating older people s if they are
boring, useless or childlike is ageism. Treating older people disrespectfully
threatens their dignity and sends the message they are no longer a useful,
productive members of society.
To care for older clients effectively, you need to understand the emotional,
social and physical changes that occur with aging.
Retirement: - ANSWER Now a days more people are looking to further
their education in retirement. Most enjoy their retirement, but some are not
so fortunate. Some are forced to retire because of a persistent illness or
disability or poor health. Retirement is often a person's first real experience
with aging.
Work has social and emotional effects. - ANSWER It helps meet the basic
needs of love and belonging and self-esteem and brings fulfillment and
feeling of usefulness. Some people use the time after retirement to pursue
hobbies and goals, however if a person hasn't cultivated any interests
outside of work, retirement can be abrupt and upsetting. Always report
signs of depression or expressions of sadness after a client has retired.
REDUCED INCOME: - ANSWER Retirement income is often less than half
of a person's full income during her working years. for some CPP may be
the only source of income, but CPP hasn't kept up with the rising cost of
,living. More people qualify for OAS (old age security) than CPP. OAS is not
employment dependent.
Being an older adult and being retired does not mean one has fewer
expenses. Reduced income may lead to limiting social and leisure
activities, finding cheaper housing or moving in with children or other
relatives. Some people are not affected by an income reduction as they
were able to save, have investments and retirement plans.
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS - ANSWER relationships change over time.
People move away, have families of their own and other relationships end
due to death. Some older adults develop mobility issues which may
interfere with their hobbies or getting around. A support worker may be the
only visitor the client has.
CHILDREN AS CAREGIVERS: - ANSWER sometimes parents and
children exchange roles. This may lead to a loss of dignity and self-respect.
This role change can also be stressful. Lack of privacy can also be a
stressor.
DEATH OF A PARTNER, SIGNIFICANT OTHER OR PET: - ANSWER
Women live longer than men and therefore will typically become widows.
Even if a person thinks they are emotionally prepared for a death, the loss
can be devastating. Death of a loved on can lead to serious physical and
mental health problems.
DEPRESSION IN OLDER ADULTS: - ANSWER Depression is not an
inevitable part of aging. Remember that depression in older people can go
unnoticed because the signs and symptoms occur gradually and can be
confused with dementia. Depression increases the chance of death in older
adults by two or three times. Report any signs of depression to your
supervisor.
Some common therapies: - ANSWER • cognitive behavioural therapy which
helps the client learn ways to identify and correct negative ways of thinking
• interpersonal therapy, which helps the client deal with stress and
challenges
• problem-solving therapy which helps the client manage difficulty though
problem solving
• reminiscence therapy, which helps the client revisit past good memories
and feelings of self worth
,Common signs of depression in older adults: - ANSWER • sadness
• loss of energy and feeling of tiredness
• memory problems
• irritability
• neglecting personal care
• loss of interest in hobbies or interests
• reluctance to be with friends or engage in activities
• difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
• oversleeping
• feelings of being burdensome or worthless
• increased use of alcohol or medications
• fixation on death or suicidal thoughts
• increase in physical complaints, such as arthritis or headaches
PHYSICAL CHANGES: - ANSWER Certain physical changes are a normal
part of aging and occur in everyone, some are due to lifestyle choices.
Physical processes slow down, and energy level and body efficiency
decline. The rate of the degree of change is different for everyone and is
influenced by: diet, general health, exercise, stress, environment, and
heredity. Normal aging does not mean a loss of health.
Integumentary System - ANSWER • skin becomes less elastic
• skin loses its strength
• brown spots "age spots" or "liver spots" appear on the wrists and hands
• nerve endings decrease in number
• blood vessels decrease in numbers
• fatty tissue layer is lost
• skin thins and sags
• skin becomes fragile and easily injured
• folds, lines, wrinkles appear
• secretion from oil and sweat glands decreases
• skin becomes dry
• skin becomes itchy
• sensitivity to extreme hear and to cold environments decreases
• sensitivity to pain decreases
• nails become thick and tough
• hair whitens or greys
• hair thins
• facial hair appears on some women
, • hair becomes dry
Musculo-Skeletal System - ANSWER • muscles atrophy
• strength decreases
• bones become brittle; can break easily
• joints become stiff and painful
• height gradually decreases
• mobility decreases
Nervous System - ANSWER • vision and hearing decrease
• senses of taste, smell and touch decrease
• sensitivity to pain is reduced
• blood flow to the brain is reduced
• cells shrink
• memory becomes shorter (forgetfulness)
• ability to respond slows
• sleep patterns change
• dizziness occurs
Circulatory System - ANSWER • heart pumps with less force
• arteries narrow and are less elastic
• less blood flow through narrowed arteries
• weakened heart has to work harder to pump blood through narrowed
vessels
Respiratory System - ANSWER • respiratory muscles weaken
• lung tissues become less elastic
• breaking becomes difficult
• strength for coughing decreases
Digestive System - ANSWER • saliva production decreases
• swallowing becomes difficult
• appetite decreases
• secretion of digestive juices decreases
• Digesting fried and fatty foods becomes difficult
• ingestion occurs
• teeth fall out
• peristalsis decreases, causing flatulence and constipation
Urinary System - ANSWER • blood supply to kidneys is reduced
VERIFIED CORRECT ANSWERS/ ALREADY GRADED A++
Aging and growing older is - ANSWER normal process during which the
body experiences changes in body structure and function, increasing the
risk for illness, injury, persistent illness and disability. These changes are
usually gradual. Emotional and social changes also occur.
The developmental tasks of late adulthood are as follows: - ANSWER •
adjusting to decreased physical strength and loss of health
• adjusting to retirement and reduced income
• coping with the death of a partner
• developing new friends and relationships
• preparing for one's own death
CARING FOR OLDER CLIENTS: - ANSWER Mainstream culture in North
America tends to overvalue youth. Treating older people s if they are
boring, useless or childlike is ageism. Treating older people disrespectfully
threatens their dignity and sends the message they are no longer a useful,
productive members of society.
To care for older clients effectively, you need to understand the emotional,
social and physical changes that occur with aging.
Retirement: - ANSWER Now a days more people are looking to further
their education in retirement. Most enjoy their retirement, but some are not
so fortunate. Some are forced to retire because of a persistent illness or
disability or poor health. Retirement is often a person's first real experience
with aging.
Work has social and emotional effects. - ANSWER It helps meet the basic
needs of love and belonging and self-esteem and brings fulfillment and
feeling of usefulness. Some people use the time after retirement to pursue
hobbies and goals, however if a person hasn't cultivated any interests
outside of work, retirement can be abrupt and upsetting. Always report
signs of depression or expressions of sadness after a client has retired.
REDUCED INCOME: - ANSWER Retirement income is often less than half
of a person's full income during her working years. for some CPP may be
the only source of income, but CPP hasn't kept up with the rising cost of
,living. More people qualify for OAS (old age security) than CPP. OAS is not
employment dependent.
Being an older adult and being retired does not mean one has fewer
expenses. Reduced income may lead to limiting social and leisure
activities, finding cheaper housing or moving in with children or other
relatives. Some people are not affected by an income reduction as they
were able to save, have investments and retirement plans.
SOCIAL RELATIONSHIPS - ANSWER relationships change over time.
People move away, have families of their own and other relationships end
due to death. Some older adults develop mobility issues which may
interfere with their hobbies or getting around. A support worker may be the
only visitor the client has.
CHILDREN AS CAREGIVERS: - ANSWER sometimes parents and
children exchange roles. This may lead to a loss of dignity and self-respect.
This role change can also be stressful. Lack of privacy can also be a
stressor.
DEATH OF A PARTNER, SIGNIFICANT OTHER OR PET: - ANSWER
Women live longer than men and therefore will typically become widows.
Even if a person thinks they are emotionally prepared for a death, the loss
can be devastating. Death of a loved on can lead to serious physical and
mental health problems.
DEPRESSION IN OLDER ADULTS: - ANSWER Depression is not an
inevitable part of aging. Remember that depression in older people can go
unnoticed because the signs and symptoms occur gradually and can be
confused with dementia. Depression increases the chance of death in older
adults by two or three times. Report any signs of depression to your
supervisor.
Some common therapies: - ANSWER • cognitive behavioural therapy which
helps the client learn ways to identify and correct negative ways of thinking
• interpersonal therapy, which helps the client deal with stress and
challenges
• problem-solving therapy which helps the client manage difficulty though
problem solving
• reminiscence therapy, which helps the client revisit past good memories
and feelings of self worth
,Common signs of depression in older adults: - ANSWER • sadness
• loss of energy and feeling of tiredness
• memory problems
• irritability
• neglecting personal care
• loss of interest in hobbies or interests
• reluctance to be with friends or engage in activities
• difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep
• oversleeping
• feelings of being burdensome or worthless
• increased use of alcohol or medications
• fixation on death or suicidal thoughts
• increase in physical complaints, such as arthritis or headaches
PHYSICAL CHANGES: - ANSWER Certain physical changes are a normal
part of aging and occur in everyone, some are due to lifestyle choices.
Physical processes slow down, and energy level and body efficiency
decline. The rate of the degree of change is different for everyone and is
influenced by: diet, general health, exercise, stress, environment, and
heredity. Normal aging does not mean a loss of health.
Integumentary System - ANSWER • skin becomes less elastic
• skin loses its strength
• brown spots "age spots" or "liver spots" appear on the wrists and hands
• nerve endings decrease in number
• blood vessels decrease in numbers
• fatty tissue layer is lost
• skin thins and sags
• skin becomes fragile and easily injured
• folds, lines, wrinkles appear
• secretion from oil and sweat glands decreases
• skin becomes dry
• skin becomes itchy
• sensitivity to extreme hear and to cold environments decreases
• sensitivity to pain decreases
• nails become thick and tough
• hair whitens or greys
• hair thins
• facial hair appears on some women
, • hair becomes dry
Musculo-Skeletal System - ANSWER • muscles atrophy
• strength decreases
• bones become brittle; can break easily
• joints become stiff and painful
• height gradually decreases
• mobility decreases
Nervous System - ANSWER • vision and hearing decrease
• senses of taste, smell and touch decrease
• sensitivity to pain is reduced
• blood flow to the brain is reduced
• cells shrink
• memory becomes shorter (forgetfulness)
• ability to respond slows
• sleep patterns change
• dizziness occurs
Circulatory System - ANSWER • heart pumps with less force
• arteries narrow and are less elastic
• less blood flow through narrowed arteries
• weakened heart has to work harder to pump blood through narrowed
vessels
Respiratory System - ANSWER • respiratory muscles weaken
• lung tissues become less elastic
• breaking becomes difficult
• strength for coughing decreases
Digestive System - ANSWER • saliva production decreases
• swallowing becomes difficult
• appetite decreases
• secretion of digestive juices decreases
• Digesting fried and fatty foods becomes difficult
• ingestion occurs
• teeth fall out
• peristalsis decreases, causing flatulence and constipation
Urinary System - ANSWER • blood supply to kidneys is reduced
