Normal Nutrition CDR Exam
_______________________ is/are the only plant food known to contain vitamin D:
a. mushrooms
b. spinach
c. oranges
d. tofu - ANS-a. mushrooms
\"Inflammaging" is a chronic inflammation that accompanies frailty, illness, and death. It may be
seen in:
a. Terminal cancer patients
b. Premature infants
c. The malnourished
d. The elderly - ANS-d. The elderly
rationale: As people age, the immune system loses function, if they become ill, the immune
system becomes over stimulated. The combination of an inefficient and overactive response in
aging is known as "inflammaging".
\A 25-year old man with Type 1 Diabetes eats 2 meals a day between 9 am and 5 pm. He takes
regular and NPH insulin twice a day at 7 am and 4 pm. Which best indicates how he will feel?
a. Hyperglycemia before 9 am and hypoglycemia after 7pm
b. Hypoglycemia before 9 am and hyperglycemia after 7 pm
c. Hyperglycemic before 9 am and hyperglycemic after 7 pm
d. Hypoglycemic before 9 am and hypoglycemic after 7 pm - ANS-d. Hypoglycemic before 9 am
and hypoglycemic after 7 pm
rationale: Regular insulin peaks within 2-3 hours and NPH peaks between 4-10 hours. It is
important to note that he does not eat lunch. Based on his meal plan and the insulin regimen, he
can expect to have a.m and afternoon hypoglycemia
\A 25-year-old male with a brain tumor has had chemotherapy. What dietary instructions would
you give?
a. No fresh fruit
b. Limit fish to one time a week
c. Avoid salads
d. Food safety precautions - ANS-d. Food safety precautions
\A 45-year old man is newly diagnosed as HIV positive. His BMI is 18.5 and he reports no loss
of appetite, GI symptoms, or weight loss in the last 6 months. The client is most likely:
a. in need for nutrition support
b. at risk for malnutrition
c. underweight
d. within desirable weight range - ANS-d. within desirable weight range
,\A 45-year-old female admitted to the hospital with angina. Her fasting lab results reveal glucose
of 405, total cholesterol of 320, triglycerides of 750, and LDL-cholesterol of 220. Which lab
result should be addressed first?
a. Triglycerides
b. Blood glucose
c. Cholesterol
d. LDL-cholesterol - ANS-b. Blood glucose
rationale: the goal for MNT for diabetes includes first and foremost the maintenance of normal
blood glucose levels. Once blood glucose is addressed than the optimal lipid levels become the
focus
\A 45-year-old obese female with type 2 diabetes, with a glycoslated hemoglobin of 12%,
reports she frequently consumes snack cakes. The most appropriate nutrition diagnosis is:
a. Impaired nutrient utilization
b. Inadequate mineral intake
c. Inappropriate intake of type of carbohydrates
d. Increased nutrient needs - ANS-c. Inappropriate intake of type of carbohydrates
\A 75-year-old female with severe heart failure and cardiac cachexia is referred for a nutrition
education. She also has peptic ulcer disease, but her medical history is otherwise
unremarkable. The appropriate nutrition prescription would be:
a. 2 g sodium, bland diet
b. 2 g sodium, low saturated fat/total fat, weight reduction diet
c. 2 g sodium diet
d. an unrestricted diet - ANS-c. 2 g sodium diet
Rationale: Impaired cardiac function with HF ultimately leads to the accumulation of sodium and
fluid in the tissues. Patients can retain sodium and water if consuming a high salt diet; a 2 g
sodium restriction is typically recommended
\A child has developed skin lesions and growth retardation. Identify the deficiency:
a. palmitic fatty acid
b. stearic fatty acid
c. linolenic fatty acid
d. linoleic fatty acid - ANS-d. linoleic fatty acid
rationale: common findings with omega-6, linoleic fatty acid deficiency include growth
retardation, skin lesions, reproductive failure, and polydipsia (intense thirst)
In contrast, omega-3 (linolenic fatty acid) deficiency is associated with impaired vision, reduced
learning, and polydipsia; sparing growth and reproduction
\A child with cystic fibrosis may develop essential fatty acid deficiency due to:
a. The interaction between aerosol antibiotics and lipid digestion
b. Dyspnea and cough-induced vomiting
c. Impaired glucose tolerance
, d. The reduced quantity of digestive enzymes released from the pancreas into the small
intestine - ANS-d. The reduced quantity of digestive enzymes released from the pancreas into
the small intestine
rationale: In CF, the exocrine glands of the pancreas secrete plugs of thick mucus. This leads to
enzyme insufficient and causes maldigestion of food and malabsorption of nutrients
\A chronic COPD patient with carbon dioxide retention would have which one of the following
acid-base imbalances?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis - ANS-a. Respiratory acidosis
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is caused by decreased ventilation and consequent CO2
retention. Chronic respiratory acidosis is associated with COPD
\A client consumed 2600 calories in 24 hours. His intake included 127 grams of protein and
1300 calorie from CHO. How many grams of fat did he consume?
a. 79 grams
b. 95 grams
c. 88 grams
d. 98 grams - ANS-c. 88 grams
rationale: 127 grams x 4 grams of protein= 508 calories
508 calories + 1300 calories CHO= 1808 kcals from protein and CHO
2600 kcals -1808 kcals= 792 kcals from fat
792 kcals / 9kcals/gram= 88 grams of fat
\A client with a recent gastric bypass surgery is experiencing rapid heartbeat and abdominal
distention after eating. Which of the following would be included in the nutrition prescription:
a. Low CHO, liquids between meals, avoid fiber
b. Increase soluble fiber, consume liquids with meals, avoid simple CHO
c. Consume liquids between meals, avoid simple CHO, increase soluble fiber
d. High complex CHO, increase soluble fiber, consume clear liquid with meals - ANS-a. Low
CHO, liquids between meals, avoid fiber
Rationale: Foods that contains raffinose (a complex sugar resistant to digestion) such as beans,
cabbage, brussel sprouts, etc. can increase gas production
\A client with blood clotting disorder is starting on an anticoagulant. The dietitian should be
concerned if the client reported use of which of the following herbs?
a. milk thistle
b. echinacea
c. garlic
d. chromium picolinate - ANS-c. garlic
_______________________ is/are the only plant food known to contain vitamin D:
a. mushrooms
b. spinach
c. oranges
d. tofu - ANS-a. mushrooms
\"Inflammaging" is a chronic inflammation that accompanies frailty, illness, and death. It may be
seen in:
a. Terminal cancer patients
b. Premature infants
c. The malnourished
d. The elderly - ANS-d. The elderly
rationale: As people age, the immune system loses function, if they become ill, the immune
system becomes over stimulated. The combination of an inefficient and overactive response in
aging is known as "inflammaging".
\A 25-year old man with Type 1 Diabetes eats 2 meals a day between 9 am and 5 pm. He takes
regular and NPH insulin twice a day at 7 am and 4 pm. Which best indicates how he will feel?
a. Hyperglycemia before 9 am and hypoglycemia after 7pm
b. Hypoglycemia before 9 am and hyperglycemia after 7 pm
c. Hyperglycemic before 9 am and hyperglycemic after 7 pm
d. Hypoglycemic before 9 am and hypoglycemic after 7 pm - ANS-d. Hypoglycemic before 9 am
and hypoglycemic after 7 pm
rationale: Regular insulin peaks within 2-3 hours and NPH peaks between 4-10 hours. It is
important to note that he does not eat lunch. Based on his meal plan and the insulin regimen, he
can expect to have a.m and afternoon hypoglycemia
\A 25-year-old male with a brain tumor has had chemotherapy. What dietary instructions would
you give?
a. No fresh fruit
b. Limit fish to one time a week
c. Avoid salads
d. Food safety precautions - ANS-d. Food safety precautions
\A 45-year old man is newly diagnosed as HIV positive. His BMI is 18.5 and he reports no loss
of appetite, GI symptoms, or weight loss in the last 6 months. The client is most likely:
a. in need for nutrition support
b. at risk for malnutrition
c. underweight
d. within desirable weight range - ANS-d. within desirable weight range
,\A 45-year-old female admitted to the hospital with angina. Her fasting lab results reveal glucose
of 405, total cholesterol of 320, triglycerides of 750, and LDL-cholesterol of 220. Which lab
result should be addressed first?
a. Triglycerides
b. Blood glucose
c. Cholesterol
d. LDL-cholesterol - ANS-b. Blood glucose
rationale: the goal for MNT for diabetes includes first and foremost the maintenance of normal
blood glucose levels. Once blood glucose is addressed than the optimal lipid levels become the
focus
\A 45-year-old obese female with type 2 diabetes, with a glycoslated hemoglobin of 12%,
reports she frequently consumes snack cakes. The most appropriate nutrition diagnosis is:
a. Impaired nutrient utilization
b. Inadequate mineral intake
c. Inappropriate intake of type of carbohydrates
d. Increased nutrient needs - ANS-c. Inappropriate intake of type of carbohydrates
\A 75-year-old female with severe heart failure and cardiac cachexia is referred for a nutrition
education. She also has peptic ulcer disease, but her medical history is otherwise
unremarkable. The appropriate nutrition prescription would be:
a. 2 g sodium, bland diet
b. 2 g sodium, low saturated fat/total fat, weight reduction diet
c. 2 g sodium diet
d. an unrestricted diet - ANS-c. 2 g sodium diet
Rationale: Impaired cardiac function with HF ultimately leads to the accumulation of sodium and
fluid in the tissues. Patients can retain sodium and water if consuming a high salt diet; a 2 g
sodium restriction is typically recommended
\A child has developed skin lesions and growth retardation. Identify the deficiency:
a. palmitic fatty acid
b. stearic fatty acid
c. linolenic fatty acid
d. linoleic fatty acid - ANS-d. linoleic fatty acid
rationale: common findings with omega-6, linoleic fatty acid deficiency include growth
retardation, skin lesions, reproductive failure, and polydipsia (intense thirst)
In contrast, omega-3 (linolenic fatty acid) deficiency is associated with impaired vision, reduced
learning, and polydipsia; sparing growth and reproduction
\A child with cystic fibrosis may develop essential fatty acid deficiency due to:
a. The interaction between aerosol antibiotics and lipid digestion
b. Dyspnea and cough-induced vomiting
c. Impaired glucose tolerance
, d. The reduced quantity of digestive enzymes released from the pancreas into the small
intestine - ANS-d. The reduced quantity of digestive enzymes released from the pancreas into
the small intestine
rationale: In CF, the exocrine glands of the pancreas secrete plugs of thick mucus. This leads to
enzyme insufficient and causes maldigestion of food and malabsorption of nutrients
\A chronic COPD patient with carbon dioxide retention would have which one of the following
acid-base imbalances?
a. Respiratory acidosis
b. Respiratory alkalosis
c. Metabolic acidosis
d. Metabolic alkalosis - ANS-a. Respiratory acidosis
Rationale: Respiratory acidosis is caused by decreased ventilation and consequent CO2
retention. Chronic respiratory acidosis is associated with COPD
\A client consumed 2600 calories in 24 hours. His intake included 127 grams of protein and
1300 calorie from CHO. How many grams of fat did he consume?
a. 79 grams
b. 95 grams
c. 88 grams
d. 98 grams - ANS-c. 88 grams
rationale: 127 grams x 4 grams of protein= 508 calories
508 calories + 1300 calories CHO= 1808 kcals from protein and CHO
2600 kcals -1808 kcals= 792 kcals from fat
792 kcals / 9kcals/gram= 88 grams of fat
\A client with a recent gastric bypass surgery is experiencing rapid heartbeat and abdominal
distention after eating. Which of the following would be included in the nutrition prescription:
a. Low CHO, liquids between meals, avoid fiber
b. Increase soluble fiber, consume liquids with meals, avoid simple CHO
c. Consume liquids between meals, avoid simple CHO, increase soluble fiber
d. High complex CHO, increase soluble fiber, consume clear liquid with meals - ANS-a. Low
CHO, liquids between meals, avoid fiber
Rationale: Foods that contains raffinose (a complex sugar resistant to digestion) such as beans,
cabbage, brussel sprouts, etc. can increase gas production
\A client with blood clotting disorder is starting on an anticoagulant. The dietitian should be
concerned if the client reported use of which of the following herbs?
a. milk thistle
b. echinacea
c. garlic
d. chromium picolinate - ANS-c. garlic
