NR 507 Final- Endocrine
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis - answer
Subclinical Hypothyroid - answers light inc. TSH, normal T4.
When unsure, check a TPO (Thyroid peroxidase antibody)- if present- treat!
Primary Hypothyroidism - answer Issue with the thyroid tissue itself
ex- Hashimoto’s (autoimmune)--Patho Phys- thyroid is infiltrated with sensitized T wbcs
as well as circulating thyroid autoantibodies
dg-
-antithyroglobulin antibody (TbAb)
-antithyroid peroxidase antibody’s (TPO)
-TSH receptor antibodies (TSH RAb)
Secondary Hypothyroidism - answer Issue with the pituitary gland and not the thyroid
gland itself
Hypothyroidism labs – answer TSH > or equal to 10
Hyperthyroidism aka - answer Graves Dz
Opthalmic issues with Graves dz - answer-functional abnormalities- lag of eye globe to
gaze upward (Assessment- lag is distinctive!) also of lowered gaze. Cause is
hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the ANS.
-infiltrative changes- enlarged ocular muscles (path- inc. secretion of hyaluronic acid,
adipogenesis, inflammation, edema of orbital contents, exophthalmos, periorbital
edema, extraocular muscle weakness leading to strabismus and diplopia (double vision)
***Pretibial myxedema (skin condition that causes plaques of thick, scaly skin and
swelling of your lower legs) and exophthalmos are 2 most distinguishing factors
Treatment of Hyperthyroidism - answerradioactive ablation
antithyroid medication (methimazole, propylthiouracil)
surgical removal
Treatment of Hypothyroidism - answerReplacement therapy- Synthroid/Levothyroxine
Type 1 Diabetes Environmental Factors Associated - answerViral inf.
H pylori
Cows milk protein exposure
lack of vitamin D
Hypothalamic-pituitary axis - answer
Subclinical Hypothyroid - answers light inc. TSH, normal T4.
When unsure, check a TPO (Thyroid peroxidase antibody)- if present- treat!
Primary Hypothyroidism - answer Issue with the thyroid tissue itself
ex- Hashimoto’s (autoimmune)--Patho Phys- thyroid is infiltrated with sensitized T wbcs
as well as circulating thyroid autoantibodies
dg-
-antithyroglobulin antibody (TbAb)
-antithyroid peroxidase antibody’s (TPO)
-TSH receptor antibodies (TSH RAb)
Secondary Hypothyroidism - answer Issue with the pituitary gland and not the thyroid
gland itself
Hypothyroidism labs – answer TSH > or equal to 10
Hyperthyroidism aka - answer Graves Dz
Opthalmic issues with Graves dz - answer-functional abnormalities- lag of eye globe to
gaze upward (Assessment- lag is distinctive!) also of lowered gaze. Cause is
hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the ANS.
-infiltrative changes- enlarged ocular muscles (path- inc. secretion of hyaluronic acid,
adipogenesis, inflammation, edema of orbital contents, exophthalmos, periorbital
edema, extraocular muscle weakness leading to strabismus and diplopia (double vision)
***Pretibial myxedema (skin condition that causes plaques of thick, scaly skin and
swelling of your lower legs) and exophthalmos are 2 most distinguishing factors
Treatment of Hyperthyroidism - answerradioactive ablation
antithyroid medication (methimazole, propylthiouracil)
surgical removal
Treatment of Hypothyroidism - answerReplacement therapy- Synthroid/Levothyroxine
Type 1 Diabetes Environmental Factors Associated - answerViral inf.
H pylori
Cows milk protein exposure
lack of vitamin D
