Psychologists Exam Questions and
Answers 100% Pass
B. F. Skinner - ✔✔Father of Behaviorism, known for the "Skinner box"; or the operant
chamber. He described operant behavior which is when the learner
"operates on" the environment to produce a reward or punishment.
Jean Piaget - ✔✔believed that a child's mind develops through a series of stages, in an
upward march from the newborn's simple reflexes to the adults' abstract reasoning
power. He also thought that the maturing brain built concepts known as schemas.
Sigmund Freud - ✔✔"Father of psychoanalysis "Proposed many theories including the
Oedipus complex, the influence of childhood on personality, the conscious and
unconscious mind, sexuality and the stages, and the importance of dreams; As well as
his beliefs in the id, the ego and the superego and their influence on people's behaviors
and perspectives.
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,Albert Bandura - ✔✔Pioneered research of observational learning. Explained that
imitation is learned through reinforcement and punishments and that we are likely to
imitate people we perceive as similar to us.
Leon Festinger - ✔✔Proposed the cognitive dissonance theory, social comparison
theory and social network theory; all relating to people's behavior.
Carl R. Rogers (1902-1987) - ✔✔most well-known for his creation of the humanistic
approach to psychology. He believed as people we develop self-concepts or
relationships directed with the "me" and "I". He also emphasized a person-to-person
relationship between therapist and patient. He believed that most people could solve
their own mental problems but that it is the therapist's job to loosen their patient's
natural mental defenses and roadblocks. Believed that people, sometimes with a
therapist's help, can achieve self-actualization to overcome their problems.
Stanley Schachter (1922-1997) - ✔✔American psychologist most noted for his for his
proposal of the two-factor theory of emotion. The two factors are physical arousal
combined with a cognitive label. This proposal was a combination of both the James-
Lange and Canon-Bard theories of emotion.
Neal E. Miller (1909-2002) - ✔✔American psychologists who discovered that the
automatic nervous system could be classically conditioned. He discovered using a
method called biofeedback, a process in which a person is given specific information
about current and specific body functions thus raising patient awareness. Miller set the
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, framework in our understanding of behavior and motivation that later became the basis
of neuroscience.
Edward Thorndike - ✔✔Edward Lee Thorndike was born in Williamsburg,
Massachusetts in 1874. He attended Wesleyan University, where he graduated from in
1895. He then continued his education at Harvard University. In 1897 he left Harvard
and began graduate work at Columbia University. Thorndike studied learning in cats,
and earned PhD in psychology 1898. Thorndike observed trial and error learning in
cats. He placed a cat in a small cage and observed it manipulate the environment to
escape. Thorndike called this learning instrumental learning, the individual is
instrumental to produce a response.
Abraham Maslow - ✔✔American psychologist. He's known for his conceptualization of
the hierarchy of human needs. He's considered the father of humanistic psychology. He
was mentored by Alfred Adler. Maslow saw human beings' needs arranged like a
ladder. The most basic needs, at the bottom, were physical -- air, water, food, sleep.
Then came safety needs -- security, stability -- followed by psychological or social needs
-- for belonging, love, and acceptance. Then came esteem needs -- to feel achievement,
status, responsibility, and reputation. At the top of it all were the self-actualizing needs
-- the need to fulfill oneself, to become all that one is capable of becoming. Maslow felt
that unfulfilled needs lower on the ladder would inhibit the person from climbing to the
next step. Someone dying of thirst quickly forgets their thirst when they have no
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Answers 100% Pass
B. F. Skinner - ✔✔Father of Behaviorism, known for the "Skinner box"; or the operant
chamber. He described operant behavior which is when the learner
"operates on" the environment to produce a reward or punishment.
Jean Piaget - ✔✔believed that a child's mind develops through a series of stages, in an
upward march from the newborn's simple reflexes to the adults' abstract reasoning
power. He also thought that the maturing brain built concepts known as schemas.
Sigmund Freud - ✔✔"Father of psychoanalysis "Proposed many theories including the
Oedipus complex, the influence of childhood on personality, the conscious and
unconscious mind, sexuality and the stages, and the importance of dreams; As well as
his beliefs in the id, the ego and the superego and their influence on people's behaviors
and perspectives.
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 1
,Albert Bandura - ✔✔Pioneered research of observational learning. Explained that
imitation is learned through reinforcement and punishments and that we are likely to
imitate people we perceive as similar to us.
Leon Festinger - ✔✔Proposed the cognitive dissonance theory, social comparison
theory and social network theory; all relating to people's behavior.
Carl R. Rogers (1902-1987) - ✔✔most well-known for his creation of the humanistic
approach to psychology. He believed as people we develop self-concepts or
relationships directed with the "me" and "I". He also emphasized a person-to-person
relationship between therapist and patient. He believed that most people could solve
their own mental problems but that it is the therapist's job to loosen their patient's
natural mental defenses and roadblocks. Believed that people, sometimes with a
therapist's help, can achieve self-actualization to overcome their problems.
Stanley Schachter (1922-1997) - ✔✔American psychologist most noted for his for his
proposal of the two-factor theory of emotion. The two factors are physical arousal
combined with a cognitive label. This proposal was a combination of both the James-
Lange and Canon-Bard theories of emotion.
Neal E. Miller (1909-2002) - ✔✔American psychologists who discovered that the
automatic nervous system could be classically conditioned. He discovered using a
method called biofeedback, a process in which a person is given specific information
about current and specific body functions thus raising patient awareness. Miller set the
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 2
, framework in our understanding of behavior and motivation that later became the basis
of neuroscience.
Edward Thorndike - ✔✔Edward Lee Thorndike was born in Williamsburg,
Massachusetts in 1874. He attended Wesleyan University, where he graduated from in
1895. He then continued his education at Harvard University. In 1897 he left Harvard
and began graduate work at Columbia University. Thorndike studied learning in cats,
and earned PhD in psychology 1898. Thorndike observed trial and error learning in
cats. He placed a cat in a small cage and observed it manipulate the environment to
escape. Thorndike called this learning instrumental learning, the individual is
instrumental to produce a response.
Abraham Maslow - ✔✔American psychologist. He's known for his conceptualization of
the hierarchy of human needs. He's considered the father of humanistic psychology. He
was mentored by Alfred Adler. Maslow saw human beings' needs arranged like a
ladder. The most basic needs, at the bottom, were physical -- air, water, food, sleep.
Then came safety needs -- security, stability -- followed by psychological or social needs
-- for belonging, love, and acceptance. Then came esteem needs -- to feel achievement,
status, responsibility, and reputation. At the top of it all were the self-actualizing needs
-- the need to fulfill oneself, to become all that one is capable of becoming. Maslow felt
that unfulfilled needs lower on the ladder would inhibit the person from climbing to the
next step. Someone dying of thirst quickly forgets their thirst when they have no
100% Pass Guarantee Sophia Bennett, All Rights Reserved © 2025 3
