PTMMD ACTUAL EXAM CORE QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS
2025/2026 GRADED A+
axillary nerve innervates - deltoid and teres minor
-MOI: Entrapment at quadrilateral space; lesion with anterior humeral dislocation
Axillary nerve sensory loss: - Lateral arm
Spinal accessory nerve lesion MOI - Forces across the GH joint, fx of clavicle/scapula,
superficial course of nerve --> susceptible to blunt force trauma, tumor at base of skull
Spinal accessory nerve actions - Trapezius: Scapular retraction and elevation, depress
scap, extends head, SB head (S), rotates (O)
SCOM: SB head (S), Rot head (O), head extension
Avulsion/tear of the anterior inferior labrum from the glenoid rim - Bankart lesion
Compression fx of posterior humeral head relocating - Hill-Sachs lesion
Soft bankhart lesion - Labrum only
Bony bankart lesion - Fracture rim of glendoid
Your pt has anterior instability what surgical intervention might they get? - Arthroscopic
bankart repair
General principles of tx progression for all forms of GH instability - 1. ROM exercises
2. Scapular stability
3. Closed chain
4. Open chain
Special tests for multidirectional instability - Sulcus sign, Apprehension test, Load and
shift test
Sulcus sign indicates: - Laxity of superior GH and coracohumeral ligaments
Load and shift test indicates: - Glenohumeral instability
Apprehension sing/Crank test indicates: - Anterior instability of the GH joint
What motor deficits will you see with carpal tunnel syndrome? - Thumb weakness
What nerve is entrapped and what motor deficits are seen with supinator syndrome? -
Posterior interosseus of radial nerve
-Finger extension, thumb IP extension and abduction
, What deficits will you see in someone with radial tunnel syndrome? - None!
Just pain at lateral elbow
Special test for peripheral vascular disease - Allen's test
Where can the cardiovascular system refer pain? - L shoulder
Where can the pulmonary system refer pain? - Anterior aspect of the shoulder and all
around the neck
Where can hepatic issues refer pain? - R shoulder
What neurovascular structures might be damaged with a communicated supracondylar
fx? - Median nerve or brachial artery
What extensor muscles only act at the wrist - ECRB, ECRL, ECU
What flexor muscles only act at the wrist? - Palmaris longus
Neck Disability Index (NDI) - Used to measure disability due to neck pain
Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) - Self report questionnaire that measures
the degree to which back or leg pain
impacts functional activities.
-assess the level of pain and interference with physical activities such as sleeping,
self-care, sex life,social life and traveling.
-6 items rated 0-5
Froment's sign (paper sign) - Weakness of adductor pollicis and FPB due to ulnar n
entrapment at elbow or wrist
-Flexion DIP of thumb is substitution of FPL (anterior interosseus branch of median)
Pinch grip test (tip to tip special test) - Weakness of FPL (anterior interosseus branch of
median n)
Pronator teres syndrome presentation - Median nerve entrapped by pronator teres
-Sensory deficits at volar forearm, wrist and palmar aspect of hand, digits 1- half of 3
Anterior interosseous syndrome presentation - Anterior interosseous branch of median
nerve by pronator teres
-Pure motor; weakness of FPL (pinch grip test)
How do you differentiate between suprascapular neuropathy vs C5/C6 radiculopathy? -
They look the same, but suprascapular neuropathy would spare deltoid and biceps
External impingement - Subacrominal impingement: Compression of supraspinatus,
infraspinatus, and/or biceps tendon
2025/2026 GRADED A+
axillary nerve innervates - deltoid and teres minor
-MOI: Entrapment at quadrilateral space; lesion with anterior humeral dislocation
Axillary nerve sensory loss: - Lateral arm
Spinal accessory nerve lesion MOI - Forces across the GH joint, fx of clavicle/scapula,
superficial course of nerve --> susceptible to blunt force trauma, tumor at base of skull
Spinal accessory nerve actions - Trapezius: Scapular retraction and elevation, depress
scap, extends head, SB head (S), rotates (O)
SCOM: SB head (S), Rot head (O), head extension
Avulsion/tear of the anterior inferior labrum from the glenoid rim - Bankart lesion
Compression fx of posterior humeral head relocating - Hill-Sachs lesion
Soft bankhart lesion - Labrum only
Bony bankart lesion - Fracture rim of glendoid
Your pt has anterior instability what surgical intervention might they get? - Arthroscopic
bankart repair
General principles of tx progression for all forms of GH instability - 1. ROM exercises
2. Scapular stability
3. Closed chain
4. Open chain
Special tests for multidirectional instability - Sulcus sign, Apprehension test, Load and
shift test
Sulcus sign indicates: - Laxity of superior GH and coracohumeral ligaments
Load and shift test indicates: - Glenohumeral instability
Apprehension sing/Crank test indicates: - Anterior instability of the GH joint
What motor deficits will you see with carpal tunnel syndrome? - Thumb weakness
What nerve is entrapped and what motor deficits are seen with supinator syndrome? -
Posterior interosseus of radial nerve
-Finger extension, thumb IP extension and abduction
, What deficits will you see in someone with radial tunnel syndrome? - None!
Just pain at lateral elbow
Special test for peripheral vascular disease - Allen's test
Where can the cardiovascular system refer pain? - L shoulder
Where can the pulmonary system refer pain? - Anterior aspect of the shoulder and all
around the neck
Where can hepatic issues refer pain? - R shoulder
What neurovascular structures might be damaged with a communicated supracondylar
fx? - Median nerve or brachial artery
What extensor muscles only act at the wrist - ECRB, ECRL, ECU
What flexor muscles only act at the wrist? - Palmaris longus
Neck Disability Index (NDI) - Used to measure disability due to neck pain
Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) - Self report questionnaire that measures
the degree to which back or leg pain
impacts functional activities.
-assess the level of pain and interference with physical activities such as sleeping,
self-care, sex life,social life and traveling.
-6 items rated 0-5
Froment's sign (paper sign) - Weakness of adductor pollicis and FPB due to ulnar n
entrapment at elbow or wrist
-Flexion DIP of thumb is substitution of FPL (anterior interosseus branch of median)
Pinch grip test (tip to tip special test) - Weakness of FPL (anterior interosseus branch of
median n)
Pronator teres syndrome presentation - Median nerve entrapped by pronator teres
-Sensory deficits at volar forearm, wrist and palmar aspect of hand, digits 1- half of 3
Anterior interosseous syndrome presentation - Anterior interosseous branch of median
nerve by pronator teres
-Pure motor; weakness of FPL (pinch grip test)
How do you differentiate between suprascapular neuropathy vs C5/C6 radiculopathy? -
They look the same, but suprascapular neuropathy would spare deltoid and biceps
External impingement - Subacrominal impingement: Compression of supraspinatus,
infraspinatus, and/or biceps tendon
