PN 2003 Final - Accurate Exam Preparation With
Complete Solutions
What is hyperglycemia? Right Ans - high blood glucose levels
what are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia Right Ans - Polyphagia,
polydipsia, polyuria, fatigue, and blurred vision - later signs include pruritis,
dry mouth, confusion, fruity odor of the breath, abdominal pain, or coma.
What is hypoglycemia? Right Ans - low blood glucose levels
what are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia Right Ans - Shakiness,
anxiety, nervousness, diaphoresis, palpitations, coldness, and a headache - late
signs include seizures, loss of consciousness, and death.
Insulin Right Ans - A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is
essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose
levels in the blood.
insulin independence Right Ans - Ability of a client's own naturally
produced insulin to regulate blood glucose levels within consistently normal
ranges.
insulin resistance Right Ans - the inability of the cells to respond to insulin
What is Alzheimer's disease? Right Ans - Dementia that is characterized
behaviorally by anterograde amnesia (can remember the past but cannot form
new memories). Visual memory is also impaired, leading to confusion with
regard to orientation.
Stages of Alzheimer's Disease Right Ans - Stage 1. No apparent symptoms
Stage 2. Forgetfulness
Stage 3. Mild cognitive decline
Stage 4. Mild-to-moderate cognitive decline
Stage 5. Moderate cognitive decline
Stage 6. Moderate-to-severe cognitive decline
Stage 7. Severe cognitive decline
, what are characteristics of vascular dementia? Right Ans - Vascular
Dementia is caused by small cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local
or systemic, the onset is more rapid, and the disease progresses more
predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen
reaching the brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain
- inactivity
- history of stoke or cardiovascular disease
What is dementia? S&S? What is front temporal dementia? Right Ans -
Dementia is an irreversible, progressive impairment in cognitive function,
affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
1. Memory Impairment
2. Aphasia: difficulty speaking
3. Apraxia: speech muscle impairment
4. Agnosia: inability to recognize faces, objects, or places
5. Disturbance in executive functioning
Signs and symptoms of dementia Right Ans - Impairment in abstract
thinking, judgment, and impulse control
Disregard for the conventional rules of social conduct
Neglect of personal appearance and hygiene
Language may or may not be affected
Personality changes are common
Complete Solutions
What is hyperglycemia? Right Ans - high blood glucose levels
what are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia Right Ans - Polyphagia,
polydipsia, polyuria, fatigue, and blurred vision - later signs include pruritis,
dry mouth, confusion, fruity odor of the breath, abdominal pain, or coma.
What is hypoglycemia? Right Ans - low blood glucose levels
what are signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia Right Ans - Shakiness,
anxiety, nervousness, diaphoresis, palpitations, coldness, and a headache - late
signs include seizures, loss of consciousness, and death.
Insulin Right Ans - A protein hormone secreted by the pancreas that is
essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose
levels in the blood.
insulin independence Right Ans - Ability of a client's own naturally
produced insulin to regulate blood glucose levels within consistently normal
ranges.
insulin resistance Right Ans - the inability of the cells to respond to insulin
What is Alzheimer's disease? Right Ans - Dementia that is characterized
behaviorally by anterograde amnesia (can remember the past but cannot form
new memories). Visual memory is also impaired, leading to confusion with
regard to orientation.
Stages of Alzheimer's Disease Right Ans - Stage 1. No apparent symptoms
Stage 2. Forgetfulness
Stage 3. Mild cognitive decline
Stage 4. Mild-to-moderate cognitive decline
Stage 5. Moderate cognitive decline
Stage 6. Moderate-to-severe cognitive decline
Stage 7. Severe cognitive decline
, what are characteristics of vascular dementia? Right Ans - Vascular
Dementia is caused by small cerebral infarctions. Brain damage may be local
or systemic, the onset is more rapid, and the disease progresses more
predictably
onset of cognitive deficits associated with stroke
- abrupt onset of signs and symptoms
- infarctions are seen on cerebral imaging
caused by damage to the brain from small infarctions
caused by circulatory problems with insufficient blood flow and oxygen
reaching the brain
Risk factors include
- smoking - vasoconstriction constricts the flow of blood to the brain
- hypertension
- hyperlipidemia - atherosclerosis causes narrowed blood flow to brain
- inactivity
- history of stoke or cardiovascular disease
What is dementia? S&S? What is front temporal dementia? Right Ans -
Dementia is an irreversible, progressive impairment in cognitive function,
affecting
- memory
- orientation
- judgement
- reasoning
- attention span
- language and problem-solving skills
1. Memory Impairment
2. Aphasia: difficulty speaking
3. Apraxia: speech muscle impairment
4. Agnosia: inability to recognize faces, objects, or places
5. Disturbance in executive functioning
Signs and symptoms of dementia Right Ans - Impairment in abstract
thinking, judgment, and impulse control
Disregard for the conventional rules of social conduct
Neglect of personal appearance and hygiene
Language may or may not be affected
Personality changes are common
