PN 2003 Final Exam: High-Quality Questions With
Verified Explanations
AC Right Ans - before meals
PC Right Ans - after meals
HS Right Ans - at bedtime
BGM Right Ans - Blood glucose monitoring
A1C Right Ans - blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
to assess glucose control
Insulin Right Ans - A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a
medication by many diabetics.
Always check glucose level before administering insulin.
Usually AC
HS
Humulin N Right Ans - intermediate acting insulin
N = iNtermediate
Humulin N Peak Right Ans - 4-10 hours (p. 929 med-surg)
Humulin R Right Ans - short acting insulin
R - shoRt
Humulin R Peak Right Ans - 2-4 hours
Insulin: possible complications? Right Ans - HYPOglycemia
Too much insulin causes glucose levels to drop too low.
,Rationale: Insulin is meant to lower blood sugar, but too much can cause
hypoglycaemia.
When is insulin usually adminstered? Right Ans - Always AC (before meals)
Hyperglycemia Right Ans - High blood sugar
S/S
- acetone, sweet, fruity
- weakess
- nausea
- vomiting
- rapid + weak pulse
- deep, rapid respirations
Characteristics (Med-surg. pp.943)
Onset: slow; hours to days
Mental status: Drowsy
Skin: Flushed, dry, hot
BP: Low
Pulse: Rapid, weak
Resp: "Air hunger"
Hunger: Absent
Thirst: Present
Vomiting: Present
Urine glucose: Present in large amounts
Response to treatment: slow
Nursing intervention: Hyperglycemia Right Ans - - Diet + exercise
- Insulin
- Teach pts on the labels of products
S/S
(3 P's of diabetes) polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, blurred vision, H/A,
fatigue, weight loss, blood sugar less than 7, confusion, warm and flushed,
increased thirst
Hypoglycemia Right Ans - Low blood sugar
, Characteristics (Med-surg. pp.943)
Onset: Sudden; minutes
Mental status: Disoriented; eventual comatose
Skin: Pale, moist, cool
BP: Normal
Pulse: Normal or slow, bounding
Resp: Normal to rapid, shallow
Hunger: Often present
Thirst: Absent
Vomiting: Maybe absent
Urine glucose: Absent in secondary voided specimen
Response to treatment: Rapid
Nursing intervention: Hypoglycemia Right Ans - - Meal should be served
15mins of administering rapid-acting insulin and within 30mins of giving
short-acting insulin. (p. 943, med-surg)
- Inform the physician immediately if nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea occur, or if
the pt refuses to eat
Alzheimer's disease Right Ans - An irreversible, progressive brain disorder,
characterized by the deterioration of memory, language, and eventually,
physical functioning.
Key words:
Irreversible.
Chronic.
Medical management:
- Cholinesterase (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine hydrobromide,
memantine)
Characteristics of vascular dementia Right Ans - - Confusion
- Disorientation
- Trouble speaking or understanding speech
- Physical stroke symptoms, such as a sudden headache
- Difficulty walking
- Poor balance
Verified Explanations
AC Right Ans - before meals
PC Right Ans - after meals
HS Right Ans - at bedtime
BGM Right Ans - Blood glucose monitoring
A1C Right Ans - blood test that measures glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
to assess glucose control
Insulin Right Ans - A hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as a
medication by many diabetics.
Always check glucose level before administering insulin.
Usually AC
HS
Humulin N Right Ans - intermediate acting insulin
N = iNtermediate
Humulin N Peak Right Ans - 4-10 hours (p. 929 med-surg)
Humulin R Right Ans - short acting insulin
R - shoRt
Humulin R Peak Right Ans - 2-4 hours
Insulin: possible complications? Right Ans - HYPOglycemia
Too much insulin causes glucose levels to drop too low.
,Rationale: Insulin is meant to lower blood sugar, but too much can cause
hypoglycaemia.
When is insulin usually adminstered? Right Ans - Always AC (before meals)
Hyperglycemia Right Ans - High blood sugar
S/S
- acetone, sweet, fruity
- weakess
- nausea
- vomiting
- rapid + weak pulse
- deep, rapid respirations
Characteristics (Med-surg. pp.943)
Onset: slow; hours to days
Mental status: Drowsy
Skin: Flushed, dry, hot
BP: Low
Pulse: Rapid, weak
Resp: "Air hunger"
Hunger: Absent
Thirst: Present
Vomiting: Present
Urine glucose: Present in large amounts
Response to treatment: slow
Nursing intervention: Hyperglycemia Right Ans - - Diet + exercise
- Insulin
- Teach pts on the labels of products
S/S
(3 P's of diabetes) polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, blurred vision, H/A,
fatigue, weight loss, blood sugar less than 7, confusion, warm and flushed,
increased thirst
Hypoglycemia Right Ans - Low blood sugar
, Characteristics (Med-surg. pp.943)
Onset: Sudden; minutes
Mental status: Disoriented; eventual comatose
Skin: Pale, moist, cool
BP: Normal
Pulse: Normal or slow, bounding
Resp: Normal to rapid, shallow
Hunger: Often present
Thirst: Absent
Vomiting: Maybe absent
Urine glucose: Absent in secondary voided specimen
Response to treatment: Rapid
Nursing intervention: Hypoglycemia Right Ans - - Meal should be served
15mins of administering rapid-acting insulin and within 30mins of giving
short-acting insulin. (p. 943, med-surg)
- Inform the physician immediately if nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea occur, or if
the pt refuses to eat
Alzheimer's disease Right Ans - An irreversible, progressive brain disorder,
characterized by the deterioration of memory, language, and eventually,
physical functioning.
Key words:
Irreversible.
Chronic.
Medical management:
- Cholinesterase (donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine hydrobromide,
memantine)
Characteristics of vascular dementia Right Ans - - Confusion
- Disorientation
- Trouble speaking or understanding speech
- Physical stroke symptoms, such as a sudden headache
- Difficulty walking
- Poor balance
