CHAPTER 1
Animism (beginning of civilization):
● People believed that good spirits brought health and evil spirits brought sickness
and death.
● Physicians were “medicine man” and nurses were as a caring mother.
Ancient Greek Civilization:
● Temples became the center of medical care.
● Nurses practiced as nurse-midwives.
Early Christian period:
● Nursing had a formal and clear defined role.
● Deaconess made visits to the sick.
● Nursing developed purpose, direction, and leadership.
16th Century:
● Shift from a religious orientation to an emphasis on warfare, exploration, and
expansion to knowledge.
● Nursing had a poor reputation; nurses received low pay and worked long hours in
unfavorable conditions.
Who was Florence Nightingale?
● From 1820-1910
● She recognized the two components of nursing: health and illness.
● She challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses.
● She established the 1st training school for nurses and wrote books about health
care and nursing education.
● Improved standards of care.
● Reformed hospitals
● Influenced public health policies FIRST nursing theorist
● Establishes training for nurses.
● Recognized that nutrition is important to health.
● Stressed the need for continuing education for nurses.
Who was Clara Barton?
● From 1821-1912
● She volunteered as a nurse in the Civil War.
● She organized nursing services.
● She established the American Red Cross.
,Who was Lillian Wald?
● Considered founder of public health nursing
● Offered trained nurses poor NY slums.
● Founded Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nurse Service with Mary Brewster.
● A nursing school established as an adjunct to visiting nursing.
Who was Jean Watson?
● Nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and
caring for the sick.
Who was Margaret Newman?
● Nursing interventions are purposeful, using a total-person approach to patient care
to help individuals, families, and groups attain and maintain wellness.
Who was Dorothy Johnson?
● Nursing problems arise when there are disturbances in the system or subsystem,
or the level of behavioral functioning is below an optimal level.
Who was Rosemarie Parse?
● The individual continually interacts with the environment and participates in
maintaining health.
Who was Mary Breckinridge?
● Founded Frontier Nursing Service.
● Cared for those in rural areas.
● First midwifery training school in the US.
Who was Lavinia Dock?
● Feminist, writer, political activist, suffragist.
● Participated in protests fro passage 19th amendment
● Sought legislation for the nurse to control their own profession, not a
physician.
● Founded precursor of NLN with Nutting and Robb.
Who opened first hospital and school to educate men in nursing in 1876?
● Alexian brothers
Male nurses:
● St Camillus de Lellis: started the sign of the Red Cross and developed the first
ambulance service.
, ● Friar Juan de Mena: first identified nurse in what would become the US, he was
shipwrecked off the south Texas coast in 1554.
● James Derham: a black slave who worked as a nurse in New Orleans in late 1700,
saved money he earned to purchase freedom, studied medicine and became a
well-respected physician in Philadelphia.
What is the Bolton Act?
● Officially recognized that both men and women could serve equally as members
of the Army Nurse Corps.
Nursing came from the Latin word Nutrix which means:
● To nourish
What is a nurses job?
● To care for patients.
Who should always be the center focus of care?
● THE PATIENT
The four type of skills:
● Cognitive: involves thinking about the nature of things sufficiently to make
decisions regarding care.
● Technical: enables nurses to manilpulate equpment to produce desired outcome.
● Interpersonal: involve caring relationships.
● Ethical/Legal: enable nurses to conduct themselves morally and professionally.
Name the 6 QSEN Competencies:
1. PAtient-centered care
2. Teamwork and collaboration
3. Quality Improvement
4. Safety
5. Evidence-based practice
6. Informatics
What are the 4 Nursing Aims?
1. Promote health
2. Prevent illness
3. Restore health
4. Facilitate coping with disability or death
, Name Registered Nursing Education:
1. Diploma in nursing
2. Associate degree in nursing
3. Baccalaureate in nursing
Nurse practice acts:
● Regulate the practice of nursing education and licensure.
ANA Standards:
● Protects and allows nurses to carry out professional roles.
The national league of Nursing:
● Fosters the development and improvement of nursing services.
CHAPTER 2
Name the sources of knowledge:
● Traditional: Passed down from generation to generation.
● Authoritative: comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on a person’s
expertise.
● Scientific: Obtained through the scientific method.
● Philosophy: the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and processes used to
construct a life.
Define Theory:
● A group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality (can be tested, changed, or
used to guide research).
Name the 3 types of Theories:
1. General systems theory: theory for universals; break whole things into parts to see
how they work together in systems
2. Adaptative Theory: adjustment of living matter to other living things and
environment.
3. Developmental Theory: orderly and predictable growth and development from
conception to death
Define Concepts:
● Abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality (a conceptual framework
or model).
Animism (beginning of civilization):
● People believed that good spirits brought health and evil spirits brought sickness
and death.
● Physicians were “medicine man” and nurses were as a caring mother.
Ancient Greek Civilization:
● Temples became the center of medical care.
● Nurses practiced as nurse-midwives.
Early Christian period:
● Nursing had a formal and clear defined role.
● Deaconess made visits to the sick.
● Nursing developed purpose, direction, and leadership.
16th Century:
● Shift from a religious orientation to an emphasis on warfare, exploration, and
expansion to knowledge.
● Nursing had a poor reputation; nurses received low pay and worked long hours in
unfavorable conditions.
Who was Florence Nightingale?
● From 1820-1910
● She recognized the two components of nursing: health and illness.
● She challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses.
● She established the 1st training school for nurses and wrote books about health
care and nursing education.
● Improved standards of care.
● Reformed hospitals
● Influenced public health policies FIRST nursing theorist
● Establishes training for nurses.
● Recognized that nutrition is important to health.
● Stressed the need for continuing education for nurses.
Who was Clara Barton?
● From 1821-1912
● She volunteered as a nurse in the Civil War.
● She organized nursing services.
● She established the American Red Cross.
,Who was Lillian Wald?
● Considered founder of public health nursing
● Offered trained nurses poor NY slums.
● Founded Henry Street Settlement and Visiting Nurse Service with Mary Brewster.
● A nursing school established as an adjunct to visiting nursing.
Who was Jean Watson?
● Nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and
caring for the sick.
Who was Margaret Newman?
● Nursing interventions are purposeful, using a total-person approach to patient care
to help individuals, families, and groups attain and maintain wellness.
Who was Dorothy Johnson?
● Nursing problems arise when there are disturbances in the system or subsystem,
or the level of behavioral functioning is below an optimal level.
Who was Rosemarie Parse?
● The individual continually interacts with the environment and participates in
maintaining health.
Who was Mary Breckinridge?
● Founded Frontier Nursing Service.
● Cared for those in rural areas.
● First midwifery training school in the US.
Who was Lavinia Dock?
● Feminist, writer, political activist, suffragist.
● Participated in protests fro passage 19th amendment
● Sought legislation for the nurse to control their own profession, not a
physician.
● Founded precursor of NLN with Nutting and Robb.
Who opened first hospital and school to educate men in nursing in 1876?
● Alexian brothers
Male nurses:
● St Camillus de Lellis: started the sign of the Red Cross and developed the first
ambulance service.
, ● Friar Juan de Mena: first identified nurse in what would become the US, he was
shipwrecked off the south Texas coast in 1554.
● James Derham: a black slave who worked as a nurse in New Orleans in late 1700,
saved money he earned to purchase freedom, studied medicine and became a
well-respected physician in Philadelphia.
What is the Bolton Act?
● Officially recognized that both men and women could serve equally as members
of the Army Nurse Corps.
Nursing came from the Latin word Nutrix which means:
● To nourish
What is a nurses job?
● To care for patients.
Who should always be the center focus of care?
● THE PATIENT
The four type of skills:
● Cognitive: involves thinking about the nature of things sufficiently to make
decisions regarding care.
● Technical: enables nurses to manilpulate equpment to produce desired outcome.
● Interpersonal: involve caring relationships.
● Ethical/Legal: enable nurses to conduct themselves morally and professionally.
Name the 6 QSEN Competencies:
1. PAtient-centered care
2. Teamwork and collaboration
3. Quality Improvement
4. Safety
5. Evidence-based practice
6. Informatics
What are the 4 Nursing Aims?
1. Promote health
2. Prevent illness
3. Restore health
4. Facilitate coping with disability or death
, Name Registered Nursing Education:
1. Diploma in nursing
2. Associate degree in nursing
3. Baccalaureate in nursing
Nurse practice acts:
● Regulate the practice of nursing education and licensure.
ANA Standards:
● Protects and allows nurses to carry out professional roles.
The national league of Nursing:
● Fosters the development and improvement of nursing services.
CHAPTER 2
Name the sources of knowledge:
● Traditional: Passed down from generation to generation.
● Authoritative: comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on a person’s
expertise.
● Scientific: Obtained through the scientific method.
● Philosophy: the study of wisdom, fundamental knowledge, and processes used to
construct a life.
Define Theory:
● A group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality (can be tested, changed, or
used to guide research).
Name the 3 types of Theories:
1. General systems theory: theory for universals; break whole things into parts to see
how they work together in systems
2. Adaptative Theory: adjustment of living matter to other living things and
environment.
3. Developmental Theory: orderly and predictable growth and development from
conception to death
Define Concepts:
● Abstract impressions organized into symbols of reality (a conceptual framework
or model).
