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1.1 You want to clean up a lake where ten households live.
Explain the problem of free riding given that you want to charge
each household the same amount for cleaning the lake. (10)
1.2 Explain what you understand by internalizing and
externality. (5)
1.3 Explain the equimarginal principle and why it leads to
minimum aggregate abatement costs (no graph). (5)
1.4 What are externalities? Describe positive and negative
externalities. (5
1.1 Explain the problem of free riding given that you want to
charge each household the same amount for cleaning the
lake.
The free rider problem arises when individuals or households
benefit from a service or good without paying for it, relying on
others to bear the costs. In this scenario, you want to clean a lake
where ten households live and charge each household an equal
amount for the cleanup. However, some households may decide
not to contribute to the cost, knowing they will still enjoy the
benefits of a cleaner lake regardless of whether they pay. This is
because, once the lake is cleaned, all households can enjoy the
improved environment, even those that didn't contribute
financially.