nursing 2050 Exam 1 Cedarville University

1. the way the body works to maintain homeostasis: What is physiology? 2. the way the body works by getting out of homeostasis: What is pathophysi￾ology? 3. Lungs, kidneys, bowels: What are the three major eliminators? 4. Ureters: Which tubes propel urine from the kidneys to the bladder? 5. Urethra: Which tube takes the urine from the bladder to the outside world? 6. a muscular sac that acts as a reservoir for urine until a sufficient amount collects to be voided: What is the bladder? 7. 600ml: How much can the average adult bladder hold? 8. 200ml: When does the average trigger for urination occur? 9. urinary systole: When the bladder is being filled with urine, this is considered what? 10. 1.5-2.5 inches: How long is the urethra in a female? 11. 7-8 inches: How long is the urethra in a male? 12. Females, shorter urethra for higher risk of bacteria build-up: Who is more prone to UTIs and why? 13. urination, micturition, voiding: What are the three words used for urine elimi￾nation? 14. Contraction of the detrusor muscle: What is the main force of urination? 15. muscle of the bladder: What is the detrusor muscle? 16. Detrusor muscle must contract, urinary sphincters and pelvic floor must relax: In order for a person to urinate, what must happen? 17. neurological development: What is needed for urination to be under voluntary control (under normal circumstances)? 18. ages 2-3: When do children begin to have the proper development for daytime voluntary urination? 19. ages 4-6: When do children begin to have the proper development for nighttime voluntary urination? 20. spastic bladder: Which type of bladder is nicknamed the "reflex" bladder? 21. reflex arch is intact, upper motor neuron is diseased , frequent voiding with small amounts of urine: What are the characteristics of a spastic bladder? 22. incontinence (but not UTIs): Spastic bladders are prone to what? 23. flaccid bladder: Which type of bladder does not have a reflex arch? 24. reflex arch is not intact, lower motor neuron is diseased, zero contraction of detrusor muscle, bladder continues to fill and rarely emptied: What are the traits of a flaccid bladder? 25. Patient would not be voiding High residual in bladder/catheter 1 / 15 Nursing 2050 Exam 1 Cedarville University Study online at Always urine sitting in bladder At high risk for UTIs: What are the signs of a flaccid bladder? 26. false: True or false: flaccid bladders also raise a high concern for incontinence 27. pre-renal, intra-renal, post renal: What are the three classes of urinary tract infections? 28. pre-renal: A patient has congested heart failure, when the heart contracts, only 10% of the blood actually leaves through the aorta. Which type of UTI would this be? 29. peripheral neuropathy: What causes diabetics and people with multiple scle￾rosis to be prone to UTIs? 30. inability to recognize the need to void reflex arch is affected: What are the effects of peripheral neuropathy? 31. constricts the urethra, urethra cannot contract, no urination: What can happen if the prostate gland overgrows? 32. post renal: What type of UTI would an overgrown prostate gland cause? 33. increase; stimulate that irritates the bladder: Can caffeine increase or de￾crease urination? Rationale is..... 34. increase; it decreased the antidiuretic hormone (ADH): Alcohol can ______ urination because________. 35. Increase; it increased the production of urine (gets patient to pee): Diuresis can _________ urination because___________. 36. Decrease; burns off fluid in the body (quickly): Fevers ________ urination because __________. 37. Decreases; person does not have enough fluid stored in the body--body will hold onto what it considers important (not volume in the kidneys): Dehy￾dration__________ urination because___________. 38. Decreases; cannot do anything--still getting liquids through IV-not going to the kidney: NPO diet ___________ urination because___________. 39. Decrease; anesthetics are given, causes bladder atney: Surgery can ____________ urination because ____________. 40. Decrease (cannot feel the urge to urinate): Anesthetics _______ urination. 41. increase: Diuretics _______ urination. 42. Decrease; they stimulate the SANS-activates the fight or flight character￾istics, everything dries up, prohibiting urinary activity: Anticholinergics ______ urination because_________. 43. sodium: Wherever _____ goes, water goes. 44. inability to partially or completely empty the bladder: What is urinary reten￾tion? 2 / 15 Nursing 2050 Exam 1 Cedarville University Study online at 45. blockage that does not allow urine to leave (maybe a kidney stone or patient cannot feel the urge to urinate UMN issue): What can cause urinary retention? 46. with overflow without overflow: What are the two types of urinary retention? 47. bladder continues to fill, eventually stretches on urinary sphincter and leakage begins: What happens in urinary retention with overflow? 48. patients use small amounts of fluid-urinate in small amounts-what is let in the bladder is a large amount of urine: What happens in urinary retention without overflow? 49. bladder scanner: What is used to see how much urine is left in the bladder? 50. Every 8 hours: What is the average time a person should void? 51. Every 6 hours: What is the typical DTV (due to void) order given and the time when nurses start to implement measures to promote urination? 52. Measurement of Post-Void Residual Intermittent Catheterization (sterile vs. at home) Frequent voiding (patients with retention, q 2hrs) Administer medications to relax sphincters: What are the measures used to promote urination? 53. E. coli: What is the primary bacteria that causes U