Bontrager Chapter 1 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Osteology - CORRECT ANSWER - Study of bones
Axial skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - All the bones that lie on or near the central axis of
the body (80 bones)
Appendicular skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - All bones of extremities, and shoulder
and pelvic girdles (126 bones)
Long bones - CORRECT ANSWER - Consist of body and two ends or extremities
Short bones - CORRECT ANSWER - Cuboidal and found only in wrists and ankles
(carpals and tarsals)
Flat bones - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of two plates of compact bone with
cancellous bone and marrow between them
Irregular bones - CORRECT ANSWER - Bones with peculiar shapes
Diploe - CORRECT ANSWER - Narrow space between inner and outer table of flat bones
within the cranium
Ossification - CORRECT ANSWER - Process by which bones form within the body
(begins at about 6th embryonic week and continues until adulthood)
Intramembranous - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone formation- when bone replaces
membranes (occurs rapidly)
,Endochondral - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone formation- when bone replaces cartilage
(slower)
Arthrology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of joints or articulations
Synarthrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Immovable joint
Amphiarthrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Joint with limited movement
Diarthrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Freely movable joint
Types of functional joints - CORRECT ANSWER - Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis,
diarthrosis
Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER - The study, classification, and description of the
structure and organs of the human body
Physiology - CORRECT ANSWER - Deals with processes and functions of the body, or
how body parts work
Chemical level - CORRECT ANSWER - Lowest level of structural organization
Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Basic unit (structural and functional)
Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - Groups of similar cells that perform a special function
Types of tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
, Epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Tissues that cover internal and external surfaces
of the body - including lining of vessels and organs
Connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Supportive tissues that bind and support
various structures
Organs - CORRECT ANSWER - Tissues joined to perform specific function
System - CORRECT ANSWER - Group of organs that have a common function
Organism - CORRECT ANSWER - The 10 systems of the body when functioning together
Skeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER - 206 separate bones and their associated
cartilages and joints
Functions of the skeletal system (4) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Support and protect many
soft tissues of the body 2. Allow movement through interaction with muscles to form a system of
levers 3. To produce blood cells 4. To store calcium
Circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER - The cardiovascular organs (heart, blood, and
blood vessels) and lymphatic system (lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands, and spleen)
Functions of the cardiovascular system (6) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) to distribute O2
and nutrients to cells 2) to carry cell waste and CO2 from cells 3) to transport H2O, electrolytes,
hormones, and enzymes 4) to protect against disease 5) to prevent hemorrhage by forming blood
clots 6) to help regulate body temperature
Digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER - Alimentary canal (mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus) and accessory organs (salivary glands, liver,
gallbladder, and pancreas)
Questions and CORRECT Answers
Osteology - CORRECT ANSWER - Study of bones
Axial skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - All the bones that lie on or near the central axis of
the body (80 bones)
Appendicular skeleton - CORRECT ANSWER - All bones of extremities, and shoulder
and pelvic girdles (126 bones)
Long bones - CORRECT ANSWER - Consist of body and two ends or extremities
Short bones - CORRECT ANSWER - Cuboidal and found only in wrists and ankles
(carpals and tarsals)
Flat bones - CORRECT ANSWER - Consists of two plates of compact bone with
cancellous bone and marrow between them
Irregular bones - CORRECT ANSWER - Bones with peculiar shapes
Diploe - CORRECT ANSWER - Narrow space between inner and outer table of flat bones
within the cranium
Ossification - CORRECT ANSWER - Process by which bones form within the body
(begins at about 6th embryonic week and continues until adulthood)
Intramembranous - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone formation- when bone replaces
membranes (occurs rapidly)
,Endochondral - CORRECT ANSWER - Bone formation- when bone replaces cartilage
(slower)
Arthrology - CORRECT ANSWER - The study of joints or articulations
Synarthrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Immovable joint
Amphiarthrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Joint with limited movement
Diarthrosis - CORRECT ANSWER - Freely movable joint
Types of functional joints - CORRECT ANSWER - Synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis,
diarthrosis
Anatomy - CORRECT ANSWER - The study, classification, and description of the
structure and organs of the human body
Physiology - CORRECT ANSWER - Deals with processes and functions of the body, or
how body parts work
Chemical level - CORRECT ANSWER - Lowest level of structural organization
Cell - CORRECT ANSWER - Basic unit (structural and functional)
Tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - Groups of similar cells that perform a special function
Types of tissues - CORRECT ANSWER - Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous
, Epithelial tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Tissues that cover internal and external surfaces
of the body - including lining of vessels and organs
Connective tissue - CORRECT ANSWER - Supportive tissues that bind and support
various structures
Organs - CORRECT ANSWER - Tissues joined to perform specific function
System - CORRECT ANSWER - Group of organs that have a common function
Organism - CORRECT ANSWER - The 10 systems of the body when functioning together
Skeletal system - CORRECT ANSWER - 206 separate bones and their associated
cartilages and joints
Functions of the skeletal system (4) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1. Support and protect many
soft tissues of the body 2. Allow movement through interaction with muscles to form a system of
levers 3. To produce blood cells 4. To store calcium
Circulatory system - CORRECT ANSWER - The cardiovascular organs (heart, blood, and
blood vessels) and lymphatic system (lymph nodes, lymph vessels, lymph glands, and spleen)
Functions of the cardiovascular system (6) - CORRECT ANSWER - 1) to distribute O2
and nutrients to cells 2) to carry cell waste and CO2 from cells 3) to transport H2O, electrolytes,
hormones, and enzymes 4) to protect against disease 5) to prevent hemorrhage by forming blood
clots 6) to help regulate body temperature
Digestive system - CORRECT ANSWER - Alimentary canal (mouth, pharynx, esophagus,
stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus) and accessory organs (salivary glands, liver,
gallbladder, and pancreas)
