Bontrager Final Exam UPDATED ACTUAL
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
simple (closed) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - A fracture in which the bone does not
break through the skin
compound (open) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture in which a portion of the
bone (usually the fragmented end) protrudes through the skin
incomplete (partial) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - A fracture that does not traverse
through the entire bone and the bone is not broken into two pieces, it is common in children
greenstick fx - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture is on one side only; cortex on one side of
the bone is broken and other side is bent, & when the bone straightens, a faint fracture line in the
cortex may be seen on one side of the bone and a slight bulging or wrinkle line defect seen on
opposite side
complete fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - the break is complete and includes the cross-
section of bone. the bone is broken into two pieces
(there are 3 major types of complete fractures)
transverse fx - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture is transverse at a near right angle to the
long axis of the bone
oblique fx - CORRECT ANSWER - the fracture passes through bone at an oblique angle
spiral fx - CORRECT ANSWER - the bone has been twisted apart and the fracture spirals
around the long axis
comminuted fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - the bone is splintered or crushed at the site
of impact, resulting in two or more fragments.
,impacted fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - one fragment is firmly driven into the other,
such as the shaft of the bone being driven into the head or end segment. most commonly occurs
at distal or proximal ends of the femur, humerus or radius
barton fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - Intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with
dislocation or subluxation of the radiocarpal joint
baseball (mallet) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - Fracture of the distal phalanx is caused
by a ball striking the end of an extended finger
bennett fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - Longitudinal fracture of base of first metacarpal
boxer fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the 5th metacarpal
colles fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the distal radius at the wrist displaced
posteriorly
smith (reverse colles) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the wrist with the distal
fragment displaced anteriorly
(FOOSH)
monteggia fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of proximal half of ulna with
dislocation of radial head
pott fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the distal end of the fibula with major
injury to the ankle joint
,compression fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - vertebral fracture is caused by
compression-type injury; vertebral body collapses or is compressed
stress or fatigue fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - a "non-traumatic" fracture; results from
repeated stress on a bone such as marching or running. if marching, occurs in mid shaft of
metatarsals. if running, occurs in distal shaft of tibia
trimalleolar fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the ankle joint involves the
medial and lateral malleoli as well as the posterior lip of the distal tibia
tuft or burst fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - Comminuted fracture of the distal phalanx
may be caused by a crushing blow to the distal finger or thumb
closed reduction - CORRECT ANSWER - fragments are realigned by manipulation and
are immobilized by a cast or a splint. a non-surgical procedure, but may be done in aid with
fluoroscopy
open reduction - CORRECT ANSWER - severe fractures with significant displacement or
fragmentation, surgical procedure is required. fracture site is exposed and screws, plates and rods
are installed as needed to maintain alignment of bony fragments until new growth takes place.
also called ORIF, (open reduction with internal fixation)
dislocation - CORRECT ANSWER - refers to displacement of a bone that is no longer in
contact wit its normal articulation. two images must be taken 90 degrees to each other to
demonstrate degree of displacement . most common are shoulder, fingers, thumb, patella and hip
subluxation - CORRECT ANSWER - also called "nursemaids" elbow, which is a traumatic
partial dislocation of the radial head of a child
sprain - CORRECT ANSWER - forced wrenching or twisting of a joint that results in a
partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments without dislocation. may results in severe
damage to associated blood vessels, tendons, ligaments and/or nerves
, contusion - CORRECT ANSWER - bruise type of injury with possible avulsion fracture
fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - A disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of
bone
what organs are in the RUQ? - CORRECT ANSWER - liver
gallbladder
hepatic flexure
duodenum
head of pancreas
right kidney
right suprarenal gland
what organs are in the LUQ? - CORRECT ANSWER - spleen
stomach
splenic flexure
tail of pancreas
left kidney
left suprarenal gland
what organs are in the RLQ? - CORRECT ANSWER - ascending colon
appendix
cecum
2/3 of ileum
ileocecal valve
what organs are in the LLQ? - CORRECT ANSWER - depending colon
sigmoid colon
Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
simple (closed) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - A fracture in which the bone does not
break through the skin
compound (open) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture in which a portion of the
bone (usually the fragmented end) protrudes through the skin
incomplete (partial) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - A fracture that does not traverse
through the entire bone and the bone is not broken into two pieces, it is common in children
greenstick fx - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture is on one side only; cortex on one side of
the bone is broken and other side is bent, & when the bone straightens, a faint fracture line in the
cortex may be seen on one side of the bone and a slight bulging or wrinkle line defect seen on
opposite side
complete fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - the break is complete and includes the cross-
section of bone. the bone is broken into two pieces
(there are 3 major types of complete fractures)
transverse fx - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture is transverse at a near right angle to the
long axis of the bone
oblique fx - CORRECT ANSWER - the fracture passes through bone at an oblique angle
spiral fx - CORRECT ANSWER - the bone has been twisted apart and the fracture spirals
around the long axis
comminuted fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - the bone is splintered or crushed at the site
of impact, resulting in two or more fragments.
,impacted fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - one fragment is firmly driven into the other,
such as the shaft of the bone being driven into the head or end segment. most commonly occurs
at distal or proximal ends of the femur, humerus or radius
barton fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - Intra-articular fracture of the distal radius with
dislocation or subluxation of the radiocarpal joint
baseball (mallet) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - Fracture of the distal phalanx is caused
by a ball striking the end of an extended finger
bennett fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - Longitudinal fracture of base of first metacarpal
boxer fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the 5th metacarpal
colles fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the distal radius at the wrist displaced
posteriorly
smith (reverse colles) fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the wrist with the distal
fragment displaced anteriorly
(FOOSH)
monteggia fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of proximal half of ulna with
dislocation of radial head
pott fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the distal end of the fibula with major
injury to the ankle joint
,compression fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - vertebral fracture is caused by
compression-type injury; vertebral body collapses or is compressed
stress or fatigue fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - a "non-traumatic" fracture; results from
repeated stress on a bone such as marching or running. if marching, occurs in mid shaft of
metatarsals. if running, occurs in distal shaft of tibia
trimalleolar fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - fracture of the ankle joint involves the
medial and lateral malleoli as well as the posterior lip of the distal tibia
tuft or burst fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - Comminuted fracture of the distal phalanx
may be caused by a crushing blow to the distal finger or thumb
closed reduction - CORRECT ANSWER - fragments are realigned by manipulation and
are immobilized by a cast or a splint. a non-surgical procedure, but may be done in aid with
fluoroscopy
open reduction - CORRECT ANSWER - severe fractures with significant displacement or
fragmentation, surgical procedure is required. fracture site is exposed and screws, plates and rods
are installed as needed to maintain alignment of bony fragments until new growth takes place.
also called ORIF, (open reduction with internal fixation)
dislocation - CORRECT ANSWER - refers to displacement of a bone that is no longer in
contact wit its normal articulation. two images must be taken 90 degrees to each other to
demonstrate degree of displacement . most common are shoulder, fingers, thumb, patella and hip
subluxation - CORRECT ANSWER - also called "nursemaids" elbow, which is a traumatic
partial dislocation of the radial head of a child
sprain - CORRECT ANSWER - forced wrenching or twisting of a joint that results in a
partial rupture or tearing of supporting ligaments without dislocation. may results in severe
damage to associated blood vessels, tendons, ligaments and/or nerves
, contusion - CORRECT ANSWER - bruise type of injury with possible avulsion fracture
fracture - CORRECT ANSWER - A disruption or break in the continuity of the structure of
bone
what organs are in the RUQ? - CORRECT ANSWER - liver
gallbladder
hepatic flexure
duodenum
head of pancreas
right kidney
right suprarenal gland
what organs are in the LUQ? - CORRECT ANSWER - spleen
stomach
splenic flexure
tail of pancreas
left kidney
left suprarenal gland
what organs are in the RLQ? - CORRECT ANSWER - ascending colon
appendix
cecum
2/3 of ileum
ileocecal valve
what organs are in the LLQ? - CORRECT ANSWER - depending colon
sigmoid colon
