2
Solutions Manual
Digital Image Processing and Analysis Computer Vision and Image Analysis
4th Edition by Scott Umbaugh All Chapters 1-8 Covered
, 3
Solutions for Chapter 1: Digital Image Processing and Analysis
w w w w w w w w
1. Digitalwimagewprocessingwiswalsowreferredwtowaswcomputerwimagingwandwcanwbewdefinedwa
swthewacquisitionwandwprocessingwofwvisualwinformationwbywcomputer.wItwcanwbewdividedwint
owapplicationwareaswofwcomputerwvisionwandwhumanwvision;wwherewinwcomputerwvisionwappl
icationswthewendwuserw iswawcomputerwandwinwhumanwvisionwapplicationswthewendwuserwiswaw
human.wImagewanalysiswtieswthesewtwowprimarywapplicationwareaswtogether,wandwcanwbewde
finedwaswthewexaminationwofwimagewdatawtowsolvewawcomputerwimagingwproblem.wAwcomput
erwvisionwsystemwcanwbewthoughtwofwaswawdeployedwimagewanalysiswsystem.
2. Inwgeneral,wawcomputerwvisionwsystemwhaswanwimagingwdevice,wsuchwaswawcamera,wandwa
computerwrunningwanalysiswsoftwarewtowperformwawdesiredwtask.wSuchwas:wAwsystemwtowins
w
pectwpartswonwanwassemblywline.wAwsystemwtowaidwinwthewdiagnosiswofwcancerwviawMRIwimag
es.wAwsystemwtowautomaticallywnavigatewawvehiclewacrosswMartianwterrain.wAwsystemwtowins
pectwweldswinwanwautomotivewassemblywfactory.
3. Thewimagewanalysiswprocesswrequireswthewusewofwtoolswsuchwaswimagewsegmentation,wim
agewtransforms,wfeaturewextractionwandwpatternwclassification.wImagewsegmentationwiswofte
nwonewofwthewfirstwstepswinwfindingwhigherwlevelwobjectswfromwthewrawwimagewdata.wFeaturewe
xtractionwiswthewprocesswofwacquiringwhigherwlevelwimagewinformation,wsuchwaswshapeworwcol
orwinformation,wandwmay
, 4
requirewthewusewofwimagewtransformswtowfindwspatialwfrequencywinformation.w Patternwclassificati
on
iswthewactwofwtakingwthiswhigherwlevelwinformationwandwidentifyingwobjectswwithinwthewimage.
4. hardwarewandwsoftware.
5. GigabytewEthernet,wUSBw3.2,wUSBw4.0,wCamerawLink.
6. Itwsampleswanwanalogwvideowsignalwtowcreatewawdigitalwimage.wThiswsamplingwiswdonewatwa
fixedwratewwhenwitwmeasureswthewvoltagewofwthewsignalwandwuseswthiswvaluewforwthewpixelwbri
w
ghtness.wItwuseswthewhorizontalwsynchwpulsewtowcontrolwtimingwforwonewlinewofwvideow(onewro
wwinwthewdigitalwimage),wandwthewverticalwsynchwpulsewtowtellwthewendwofwawfieldworwframe
7. AwsensorwiswawmeasuringwdevicewthatwrespondswtowvariouswpartswofwthewEMwspectrum,
orwotherwsignalwthatwwewdesirewtowmeasure.wTowcreatewimageswthewmeasurementswarew
w
takenwacrosswawtwo-wdimensionalwgird,wthuswcreatingwawdigitalwimage.
8. Awrangewimagewiswanwimagewwherewthewpixelwvalueswcorrespondwtowthewdistancewfromwthe
imagingwsensor.wTheywarewtypicallywcreatedwwithwradar,wultrasoundworwlasers.
w
9. Thewreflectancewfunctionwdescribeswthewwaywanwobjectwreflectswincidentwlight.wThiswr
elateswtowwhatwwewcallwcolorwandwtexturewitwdetermineswhowwthewobjectwlooks.
10. Radiancewiswthewlightwenergywreflectedwfrom,worwemittedwby,wanwobject;wwhereaswirradia
ncewiswthewincidentwlightwfallingwonwawsurface.wSowradiancewiswmeasuredwinwPower/(Area)(So
lidAngle),wandwirradiancewiswmeasurewinwPower./Area.
11. AwphotonwiswawmasslesswparticlewthatwiswusedwtowmodelwEMwradiation.wAwCCDwiswawcha
rge-
coupledwdevice.wQuantumwefficiencywiswawmeasurewofwhowweffectivelywawsensingwelement
w
convertswphotonicwenergywintowelectricalwenergy,wandwiswgivenwbywthewratiowofwelectricalwo
w
utputwtowphotonicwinput.
, 5
12. Seewfigw1.4- 1w 1w 1w .wIfwthewobjectwiswatwinfinity:
w
5wandwusewthewlenswequation:
a b f
1w 1w 1w
1w 1w 0w
w w ; w fw wb
w
b f b f
Solutions Manual
Digital Image Processing and Analysis Computer Vision and Image Analysis
4th Edition by Scott Umbaugh All Chapters 1-8 Covered
, 3
Solutions for Chapter 1: Digital Image Processing and Analysis
w w w w w w w w
1. Digitalwimagewprocessingwiswalsowreferredwtowaswcomputerwimagingwandwcanwbewdefinedwa
swthewacquisitionwandwprocessingwofwvisualwinformationwbywcomputer.wItwcanwbewdividedwint
owapplicationwareaswofwcomputerwvisionwandwhumanwvision;wwherewinwcomputerwvisionwappl
icationswthewendwuserw iswawcomputerwandwinwhumanwvisionwapplicationswthewendwuserwiswaw
human.wImagewanalysiswtieswthesewtwowprimarywapplicationwareaswtogether,wandwcanwbewde
finedwaswthewexaminationwofwimagewdatawtowsolvewawcomputerwimagingwproblem.wAwcomput
erwvisionwsystemwcanwbewthoughtwofwaswawdeployedwimagewanalysiswsystem.
2. Inwgeneral,wawcomputerwvisionwsystemwhaswanwimagingwdevice,wsuchwaswawcamera,wandwa
computerwrunningwanalysiswsoftwarewtowperformwawdesiredwtask.wSuchwas:wAwsystemwtowins
w
pectwpartswonwanwassemblywline.wAwsystemwtowaidwinwthewdiagnosiswofwcancerwviawMRIwimag
es.wAwsystemwtowautomaticallywnavigatewawvehiclewacrosswMartianwterrain.wAwsystemwtowins
pectwweldswinwanwautomotivewassemblywfactory.
3. Thewimagewanalysiswprocesswrequireswthewusewofwtoolswsuchwaswimagewsegmentation,wim
agewtransforms,wfeaturewextractionwandwpatternwclassification.wImagewsegmentationwiswofte
nwonewofwthewfirstwstepswinwfindingwhigherwlevelwobjectswfromwthewrawwimagewdata.wFeaturewe
xtractionwiswthewprocesswofwacquiringwhigherwlevelwimagewinformation,wsuchwaswshapeworwcol
orwinformation,wandwmay
, 4
requirewthewusewofwimagewtransformswtowfindwspatialwfrequencywinformation.w Patternwclassificati
on
iswthewactwofwtakingwthiswhigherwlevelwinformationwandwidentifyingwobjectswwithinwthewimage.
4. hardwarewandwsoftware.
5. GigabytewEthernet,wUSBw3.2,wUSBw4.0,wCamerawLink.
6. Itwsampleswanwanalogwvideowsignalwtowcreatewawdigitalwimage.wThiswsamplingwiswdonewatwa
fixedwratewwhenwitwmeasureswthewvoltagewofwthewsignalwandwuseswthiswvaluewforwthewpixelwbri
w
ghtness.wItwuseswthewhorizontalwsynchwpulsewtowcontrolwtimingwforwonewlinewofwvideow(onewro
wwinwthewdigitalwimage),wandwthewverticalwsynchwpulsewtowtellwthewendwofwawfieldworwframe
7. AwsensorwiswawmeasuringwdevicewthatwrespondswtowvariouswpartswofwthewEMwspectrum,
orwotherwsignalwthatwwewdesirewtowmeasure.wTowcreatewimageswthewmeasurementswarew
w
takenwacrosswawtwo-wdimensionalwgird,wthuswcreatingwawdigitalwimage.
8. Awrangewimagewiswanwimagewwherewthewpixelwvalueswcorrespondwtowthewdistancewfromwthe
imagingwsensor.wTheywarewtypicallywcreatedwwithwradar,wultrasoundworwlasers.
w
9. Thewreflectancewfunctionwdescribeswthewwaywanwobjectwreflectswincidentwlight.wThiswr
elateswtowwhatwwewcallwcolorwandwtexturewitwdetermineswhowwthewobjectwlooks.
10. Radiancewiswthewlightwenergywreflectedwfrom,worwemittedwby,wanwobject;wwhereaswirradia
ncewiswthewincidentwlightwfallingwonwawsurface.wSowradiancewiswmeasuredwinwPower/(Area)(So
lidAngle),wandwirradiancewiswmeasurewinwPower./Area.
11. AwphotonwiswawmasslesswparticlewthatwiswusedwtowmodelwEMwradiation.wAwCCDwiswawcha
rge-
coupledwdevice.wQuantumwefficiencywiswawmeasurewofwhowweffectivelywawsensingwelement
w
convertswphotonicwenergywintowelectricalwenergy,wandwiswgivenwbywthewratiowofwelectricalwo
w
utputwtowphotonicwinput.
, 5
12. Seewfigw1.4- 1w 1w 1w .wIfwthewobjectwiswatwinfinity:
w
5wandwusewthewlenswequation:
a b f
1w 1w 1w
1w 1w 0w
w w ; w fw wb
w
b f b f
