Exam 1
psychological test -
✅A measurement tool or technique that requires a person to perform one or more behaviors in
order to make inferences about human attributes, traits, or characteristics or predict future
outcomes
behavior -
✅psychological tests all require a person to perform a ____________ (an observable and
measurable action)
construct -
✅behavior used to make inferences about some psychological __________
differences among psychological tests -
✅> Behavior performed
> Construct measured and outcome predicted
> Content
> Administration and format
> Scoring and interpretation
> Psychometric quality
late 19th century: intelligence tests -
✅> Alfred Binet and the Binet-Simon Scale (1905)
> Lewis Termann and the Stanford-Binet (1916)
> David Weschler and the Weschler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (1939)
David Weschler and the Weschler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (1939) -
✅"act purposefully, think logically, and interact and cope successfully with environment"
Early 1900s: Personality Tests -
1|Page
, ✅> Robert Woodworth and the Personal Data Sheet (WWI)
> Carl Jung and the Rorschach Inkblot Test (1930's)
> Henry Murray and C. D. Morgan and the Thematic Apperception Test
Early/mid-1900s: Vocational Tests -
✅U.S. Employment Service and the General Aptitude Test Battery (1947)
Testing Today -
✅> Testing is a part of the American culture
> Multi-billion dollar business
> Thousands of commercially available and unpublished tests
> Hundreds of test publishing companies
> Significant spending on tests
($1.7+ billion per year spent by schools nationwide
91% of employers use or will use tests)
all good tests have three characteristics in common -
✅representative sample, standardized conditions, scoring
representatively sample -
✅all good tests ___________ the behaviors thought to measure an attribute or thought to
predict an outcome
scoring -
✅all good tests have rules/results for __________
standardized conditions -
✅all good tests include behavior samples that are obtained under ___________
assumptions of psychological tests -
✅> Psychological tests measure what they purport to measure or predict what they are intended
to predict
2|Page
, > An individual's behavior, and therefore test scores, will typically remain stable over time
> Individuals understand test items the same way
> Individuals will report accurately about themselves
> Individuals will report honestly about their thoughts and feelings
> The test score an individual receives is equal to his or her true score plus some error
test classification methods -
✅maximal performance, behavior observation, self-report, standardized tests, non-standardized
tests, objective tests, projective tests
tests of maximal performance -
✅tests that require test takers to perform a particular task on which their performance is
measured
behavior observation tests -
✅tests that involve observing people's behavior to learn how they typically respond in a
particular context
self-report tests -
✅Tests that rely on test takers' reports or descriptions of their feelings, beliefs, opinions, and/or
mental states
standardized tests -
✅Tests that have been administered to a large group of individuals who are similar to the group
for whom the test has been designed so as to develop norms; also implies a standardized procedure
for administration.
standardized sample -
✅people who are tested to obtain a frame of reference
norms -
✅data collected to establish a frame of reference
3|Page
psychological test -
✅A measurement tool or technique that requires a person to perform one or more behaviors in
order to make inferences about human attributes, traits, or characteristics or predict future
outcomes
behavior -
✅psychological tests all require a person to perform a ____________ (an observable and
measurable action)
construct -
✅behavior used to make inferences about some psychological __________
differences among psychological tests -
✅> Behavior performed
> Construct measured and outcome predicted
> Content
> Administration and format
> Scoring and interpretation
> Psychometric quality
late 19th century: intelligence tests -
✅> Alfred Binet and the Binet-Simon Scale (1905)
> Lewis Termann and the Stanford-Binet (1916)
> David Weschler and the Weschler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (1939)
David Weschler and the Weschler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale (1939) -
✅"act purposefully, think logically, and interact and cope successfully with environment"
Early 1900s: Personality Tests -
1|Page
, ✅> Robert Woodworth and the Personal Data Sheet (WWI)
> Carl Jung and the Rorschach Inkblot Test (1930's)
> Henry Murray and C. D. Morgan and the Thematic Apperception Test
Early/mid-1900s: Vocational Tests -
✅U.S. Employment Service and the General Aptitude Test Battery (1947)
Testing Today -
✅> Testing is a part of the American culture
> Multi-billion dollar business
> Thousands of commercially available and unpublished tests
> Hundreds of test publishing companies
> Significant spending on tests
($1.7+ billion per year spent by schools nationwide
91% of employers use or will use tests)
all good tests have three characteristics in common -
✅representative sample, standardized conditions, scoring
representatively sample -
✅all good tests ___________ the behaviors thought to measure an attribute or thought to
predict an outcome
scoring -
✅all good tests have rules/results for __________
standardized conditions -
✅all good tests include behavior samples that are obtained under ___________
assumptions of psychological tests -
✅> Psychological tests measure what they purport to measure or predict what they are intended
to predict
2|Page
, > An individual's behavior, and therefore test scores, will typically remain stable over time
> Individuals understand test items the same way
> Individuals will report accurately about themselves
> Individuals will report honestly about their thoughts and feelings
> The test score an individual receives is equal to his or her true score plus some error
test classification methods -
✅maximal performance, behavior observation, self-report, standardized tests, non-standardized
tests, objective tests, projective tests
tests of maximal performance -
✅tests that require test takers to perform a particular task on which their performance is
measured
behavior observation tests -
✅tests that involve observing people's behavior to learn how they typically respond in a
particular context
self-report tests -
✅Tests that rely on test takers' reports or descriptions of their feelings, beliefs, opinions, and/or
mental states
standardized tests -
✅Tests that have been administered to a large group of individuals who are similar to the group
for whom the test has been designed so as to develop norms; also implies a standardized procedure
for administration.
standardized sample -
✅people who are tested to obtain a frame of reference
norms -
✅data collected to establish a frame of reference
3|Page
