EXAM 2 BIO 320 ASU QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT.
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection - ANSWERorganisms produce like organisms;
chance variation between individuals; more offspring are produced each generation
than can survive; some individuals, bc of physical and behavioral traits, have a higher
chance of surviving, some traits are heritable
Gregor Mendel - ANSWERfather of modern genetics; discovered that characteristics
pass from parent to offspring in the form of genes (traits)
Alleles - ANSWERalternate forms of a gene
phenotypic variation - ANSWERdifferences in observable traits that can result from
differences in genotype and environment
Clausen, Keck, and Hiesey - ANSWERstudied variation in plant populations; collected
plants from populations growing in different elevations
common garden experiment - ANSWERwild plants from different altitudes were grown
in controlled (common) conditions
phenotypic plasticity - ANSWERthe ability of an organism to change its phenotype in
response to changes in the environment.
ted case - ANSWERfound lizards from food-rich higher elevations were longer and
heavier than lower elevation lizards
Hardy-Weinberg Principle - ANSWERprinciple that states that allele frequencies in a
population remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to
change
Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - ANSWERrandom mating; no mutations;
large population size; no immigration; equal fitness btwn all genotypes
genetic mutation - ANSWERrare process; a molecular change to present gene, creating
a new gene
Adaptation - ANSWERany variation that increases an organism's ability to survive and
reproduce
, natural selection - ANSWERoperates on variation in a population, favoring some traits
and disfavoring others
genetic drift - ANSWERchange in population gene frequency due to random events;
usually associated with small populations
bottleneck effect - ANSWERa reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused
by a reduction in its size
black grama - ANSWERselective mortality under drought
small - ANSWERgenetic drift effects _____ populations most
stabilizing selection - ANSWERacts to conserve genetic make-up of a population by
acting against extreme phenotypes and favoring average phenotypes.
directional selection - ANSWERleads to changes in phenotypes by favoring one
extreme phenotype over other phenotypes in the population.
disruptive selection - ANSWERcreates bimodal distributions by favoring two or more
extreme phenotypes over the average phenotype in a population.
Camille Parmesan - ANSWERStudied butterfly range shifts in response to climate
change
metapopulation - ANSWERa set of populations in a region connected by dispersal.
dynamic models - ANSWERspecies are colonizing some sites and going extinct at other
sites over time.
Levin's model - ANSWERregional scale
Hanski's model - ANSWERlocal scale
Type 1 survivorship curve - ANSWERfew offspring, live long life (humans)
type 2 survivorship curve - ANSWERfairly constant death rate at all ages (small
mammals and large birds)
type 3 survivorship curve - ANSWERhigh death rates for the young and a lower death
rate for survivors, many offspring (plants, invertebrates)
Age distribution - ANSWERreflects its history of survival, reproduction, and growth
potential.
scott carroll and christian boyd - ANSWERexperiment: bug beak length changes with
size
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT.
Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection - ANSWERorganisms produce like organisms;
chance variation between individuals; more offspring are produced each generation
than can survive; some individuals, bc of physical and behavioral traits, have a higher
chance of surviving, some traits are heritable
Gregor Mendel - ANSWERfather of modern genetics; discovered that characteristics
pass from parent to offspring in the form of genes (traits)
Alleles - ANSWERalternate forms of a gene
phenotypic variation - ANSWERdifferences in observable traits that can result from
differences in genotype and environment
Clausen, Keck, and Hiesey - ANSWERstudied variation in plant populations; collected
plants from populations growing in different elevations
common garden experiment - ANSWERwild plants from different altitudes were grown
in controlled (common) conditions
phenotypic plasticity - ANSWERthe ability of an organism to change its phenotype in
response to changes in the environment.
ted case - ANSWERfound lizards from food-rich higher elevations were longer and
heavier than lower elevation lizards
Hardy-Weinberg Principle - ANSWERprinciple that states that allele frequencies in a
population remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to
change
Conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium - ANSWERrandom mating; no mutations;
large population size; no immigration; equal fitness btwn all genotypes
genetic mutation - ANSWERrare process; a molecular change to present gene, creating
a new gene
Adaptation - ANSWERany variation that increases an organism's ability to survive and
reproduce
, natural selection - ANSWERoperates on variation in a population, favoring some traits
and disfavoring others
genetic drift - ANSWERchange in population gene frequency due to random events;
usually associated with small populations
bottleneck effect - ANSWERa reduction in the genetic diversity of a population caused
by a reduction in its size
black grama - ANSWERselective mortality under drought
small - ANSWERgenetic drift effects _____ populations most
stabilizing selection - ANSWERacts to conserve genetic make-up of a population by
acting against extreme phenotypes and favoring average phenotypes.
directional selection - ANSWERleads to changes in phenotypes by favoring one
extreme phenotype over other phenotypes in the population.
disruptive selection - ANSWERcreates bimodal distributions by favoring two or more
extreme phenotypes over the average phenotype in a population.
Camille Parmesan - ANSWERStudied butterfly range shifts in response to climate
change
metapopulation - ANSWERa set of populations in a region connected by dispersal.
dynamic models - ANSWERspecies are colonizing some sites and going extinct at other
sites over time.
Levin's model - ANSWERregional scale
Hanski's model - ANSWERlocal scale
Type 1 survivorship curve - ANSWERfew offspring, live long life (humans)
type 2 survivorship curve - ANSWERfairly constant death rate at all ages (small
mammals and large birds)
type 3 survivorship curve - ANSWERhigh death rates for the young and a lower death
rate for survivors, many offspring (plants, invertebrates)
Age distribution - ANSWERreflects its history of survival, reproduction, and growth
potential.
scott carroll and christian boyd - ANSWERexperiment: bug beak length changes with
size
