Summary Review Guide: Weeks 1-8
Week 1 – Antivirals, Antifungals, Antimicrobials
• Antifungals:
o MOA: Disrupt fungal cell membranes (Azoles, Polyenes) or cell wall
(Echinocandins).
o Common Uses: Candidiasis, Cryptococcal infections, Dermatophytes.
o Side Effects: Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity (Amphotericin B), QT prolongation
(Azoles).
o Monitoring: LFTs, renal function, drug interactions.
• Antivirals:
o MOA: Inhibit viral replication (e.g., Acyclovir → inhibits viral DNA
polymerase).
o Uses: HSV, Influenza, HIV, Hepatitis.
o Side Effects: Nephrotoxicity (Acyclovir), bone marrow suppression
(Ganciclovir), neurotoxicity.
o ART for HIV: Goal = Suppress viral load <50 copies/mL.
Week 2 – Antibiotics
• Broad vs. Narrow Spectrum:
o Broad (e.g., Fluoroquinolones, Carbapenems): Treats multiple pathogens but ↑
resistance risk.
o Narrow (e.g., Penicillin, Clindamycin): Targets specific bacteria.
• Prophylactic Antibiotics:
o Surgery, Endocarditis prevention, Immunocompromised patients.
• Common Side Effects:
o Beta-lactams: Allergic reactions.
o Macrolides: QT prolongation.
o Fluoroquinolones: Tendon rupture, CNS effects.
• Antibiotic Resistance: MRSA (Vancomycin), ESBLs (Carbapenems), VRE (Linezolid).
Week 1 – Antivirals, Antifungals, Antimicrobials
• Antifungals:
o MOA: Disrupt fungal cell membranes (Azoles, Polyenes) or cell wall
(Echinocandins).
o Common Uses: Candidiasis, Cryptococcal infections, Dermatophytes.
o Side Effects: Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity (Amphotericin B), QT prolongation
(Azoles).
o Monitoring: LFTs, renal function, drug interactions.
• Antivirals:
o MOA: Inhibit viral replication (e.g., Acyclovir → inhibits viral DNA
polymerase).
o Uses: HSV, Influenza, HIV, Hepatitis.
o Side Effects: Nephrotoxicity (Acyclovir), bone marrow suppression
(Ganciclovir), neurotoxicity.
o ART for HIV: Goal = Suppress viral load <50 copies/mL.
Week 2 – Antibiotics
• Broad vs. Narrow Spectrum:
o Broad (e.g., Fluoroquinolones, Carbapenems): Treats multiple pathogens but ↑
resistance risk.
o Narrow (e.g., Penicillin, Clindamycin): Targets specific bacteria.
• Prophylactic Antibiotics:
o Surgery, Endocarditis prevention, Immunocompromised patients.
• Common Side Effects:
o Beta-lactams: Allergic reactions.
o Macrolides: QT prolongation.
o Fluoroquinolones: Tendon rupture, CNS effects.
• Antibiotic Resistance: MRSA (Vancomycin), ESBLs (Carbapenems), VRE (Linezolid).
