Pediatrics Exam #1 Study Guide
Developmental Theorists (4 Questions)
Erikson Stages Know everything about Erickson
● Trust v Mistrust (Birth to 1 year)
o Trust- Exist only to relation to something or someone
▪ Consistent loving care by a motherly person is essential
o Mistrust- Trust promoting experiences are deficient or lacking when needs are
not met.
● Autonomy v Shame and doubt (1-3 years)
o Autonomy- Toddlers want to do things themselves with newly acquired motor
skills
o Shame and doubt- Occurs when children are made to feel small and self-
conscious, when others shame, choice disastrous, forced to be dependent in
areas.
● Initiative v Guilt (3-6 years)
o Initiative- Explore the physical world with activity and imagination
o Guilt- May take on activities that conflict with parents and others
o Feelings of guilt, anxiety, and fear may result from thoughts that differ from
expected behavior
o “Magical thinkers”, egocentric, animism
● Industry v Inferiority (6-12 years)
o Industry-Ready to be workers and or producers. Engage in activities that they can
carry through completion. Learn rules and cooperate.
o Inferiority- If too much is expected of them or they believe they can’t measure
up.
● Identity v Role Confusion (12-18years)
o Identity- Children become occupied by the way they feel and appear in the eyes
of others compared to their own self-concept.
o Role Confusion- Inability to solve the core concept
Kohlberg Stages Younger kids have a big sense of right and wrong and guilt (preschoolers)
● Preconventional level
o Culturally orientated to the labels of good/bad and right/wrong, children
integrate these in terms of consequences. Determine the goodness and badness
of actions. Avoid punishment and obey without question. (Punishment and
obedient orientation)
● Conventional level
, o Children are concerned with conformity and loyalty. Value the maintenance of
family, group, or national expectations, Behavior that meets with approval and
please others are considered good. Maintains social order. (Naïve Instrumental
Orientation)
● Postconventional, autonomous, or principled level
o Reached cognitive stage of formal operations. Correct behavior on general
individual rights and examined and agreed by the entire society.
o When kids are younger they feel guilty about things. They feel that they caused
the hospitalization or illness.
o Kids Change the most from 0-1yrs
Piaget: Object permanence What age it develops and what it is
● Object/person still exist even when out of sight
o Object will be hidden under a pillow or behind a chair and the infant is able to
find it.
● Develops at 9-10 months
Developmental (Normal) (13 questions)
Birth weight 6 months and one year
● Doubled by 4-7 months age 6 months
● Tripled by 1 year
Leading cause of death
● Infancy
o Congenital anomalties because they’re not mobile
● Childhood (1 year and above)
o Most common cause of severe injury and death in school age children is motor
vehicle crashes: pedestrian and passenger Accidents and injuries
- Toddlers take in things in the mouth poisoning, prevent it by putting it high up and lock
it up (being hospitalized more and traumatized by it) make them feel better by keeping
their rituals, likes taking a nap after eating, let them take a nap,
● Adolescence
o MVA’s (Car, ATV, jet skis, snowmobile)
o Suicide and homicide
o Peer pressure and approval
Ingestion Injury/Prevention Lock it up
● Toxic substances, including batteries, placed on a high shelf, preferably in locked
cabinet
● Toxic plants hung or placed out of reach
, ● Excess quantities of cleaning fluid, paints, pesticides, drugs, and other toxic substances
not stored in home
● Used containers of poisonous substances discarded where child cannot obtain access
● Telephone number of local poison control center (800-222-1222) and home address
with nearest cross street posted near phone
● Medicines clearly labeled in childproof containers and stored out of reach
● Household cleaners, disinfectants, and insecticides kept in their original containers
separate from food and out of reach
● Smoking in areas away from children
● NEVER REFER TO MEDICINE AS CANDY
Development age: crying with infants, Erickson stage pick them up if they’re crying we are
developing trust
Age most likely to ingest poisoning
● 1-3 years > Toddler and preschooler
● Teach toddlers and families about prevention
Age group in which they feel that they caused the illness
● Late preschooler-early school age 4-8 years
Age group where peers are important
Adolescents still may want parents but are concerned about their friends. Peers most
important for adolescents, they think they are invincible and their friends
Separation anxiety 6-36 months typical age; prevent separation anxiety by keeping them
with their parents. communicate with them using transitional object, going back and
forth.
Regression is common with separation anxiety
● Between 4-8 months, infants start to have awareness of themselves and their mothers
as separate beings. Object permanence develops around this time and infants are aware
that their parents can be absent. Infant can start to protest when the mother leaves the
room. By 11-12 months they can anticipate her imminent departure by watching her
behaviors, and protest before she leaves. 6-36 can happen up to adolescence
Different types of play parallel/associative/cooperative
● Parallel Play-Children play independently but with other children. Play with toys similar
with children around them and but not influenced with the children around them. Play
is besides, but not with, other children. Toddlers
Developmental Theorists (4 Questions)
Erikson Stages Know everything about Erickson
● Trust v Mistrust (Birth to 1 year)
o Trust- Exist only to relation to something or someone
▪ Consistent loving care by a motherly person is essential
o Mistrust- Trust promoting experiences are deficient or lacking when needs are
not met.
● Autonomy v Shame and doubt (1-3 years)
o Autonomy- Toddlers want to do things themselves with newly acquired motor
skills
o Shame and doubt- Occurs when children are made to feel small and self-
conscious, when others shame, choice disastrous, forced to be dependent in
areas.
● Initiative v Guilt (3-6 years)
o Initiative- Explore the physical world with activity and imagination
o Guilt- May take on activities that conflict with parents and others
o Feelings of guilt, anxiety, and fear may result from thoughts that differ from
expected behavior
o “Magical thinkers”, egocentric, animism
● Industry v Inferiority (6-12 years)
o Industry-Ready to be workers and or producers. Engage in activities that they can
carry through completion. Learn rules and cooperate.
o Inferiority- If too much is expected of them or they believe they can’t measure
up.
● Identity v Role Confusion (12-18years)
o Identity- Children become occupied by the way they feel and appear in the eyes
of others compared to their own self-concept.
o Role Confusion- Inability to solve the core concept
Kohlberg Stages Younger kids have a big sense of right and wrong and guilt (preschoolers)
● Preconventional level
o Culturally orientated to the labels of good/bad and right/wrong, children
integrate these in terms of consequences. Determine the goodness and badness
of actions. Avoid punishment and obey without question. (Punishment and
obedient orientation)
● Conventional level
, o Children are concerned with conformity and loyalty. Value the maintenance of
family, group, or national expectations, Behavior that meets with approval and
please others are considered good. Maintains social order. (Naïve Instrumental
Orientation)
● Postconventional, autonomous, or principled level
o Reached cognitive stage of formal operations. Correct behavior on general
individual rights and examined and agreed by the entire society.
o When kids are younger they feel guilty about things. They feel that they caused
the hospitalization or illness.
o Kids Change the most from 0-1yrs
Piaget: Object permanence What age it develops and what it is
● Object/person still exist even when out of sight
o Object will be hidden under a pillow or behind a chair and the infant is able to
find it.
● Develops at 9-10 months
Developmental (Normal) (13 questions)
Birth weight 6 months and one year
● Doubled by 4-7 months age 6 months
● Tripled by 1 year
Leading cause of death
● Infancy
o Congenital anomalties because they’re not mobile
● Childhood (1 year and above)
o Most common cause of severe injury and death in school age children is motor
vehicle crashes: pedestrian and passenger Accidents and injuries
- Toddlers take in things in the mouth poisoning, prevent it by putting it high up and lock
it up (being hospitalized more and traumatized by it) make them feel better by keeping
their rituals, likes taking a nap after eating, let them take a nap,
● Adolescence
o MVA’s (Car, ATV, jet skis, snowmobile)
o Suicide and homicide
o Peer pressure and approval
Ingestion Injury/Prevention Lock it up
● Toxic substances, including batteries, placed on a high shelf, preferably in locked
cabinet
● Toxic plants hung or placed out of reach
, ● Excess quantities of cleaning fluid, paints, pesticides, drugs, and other toxic substances
not stored in home
● Used containers of poisonous substances discarded where child cannot obtain access
● Telephone number of local poison control center (800-222-1222) and home address
with nearest cross street posted near phone
● Medicines clearly labeled in childproof containers and stored out of reach
● Household cleaners, disinfectants, and insecticides kept in their original containers
separate from food and out of reach
● Smoking in areas away from children
● NEVER REFER TO MEDICINE AS CANDY
Development age: crying with infants, Erickson stage pick them up if they’re crying we are
developing trust
Age most likely to ingest poisoning
● 1-3 years > Toddler and preschooler
● Teach toddlers and families about prevention
Age group in which they feel that they caused the illness
● Late preschooler-early school age 4-8 years
Age group where peers are important
Adolescents still may want parents but are concerned about their friends. Peers most
important for adolescents, they think they are invincible and their friends
Separation anxiety 6-36 months typical age; prevent separation anxiety by keeping them
with their parents. communicate with them using transitional object, going back and
forth.
Regression is common with separation anxiety
● Between 4-8 months, infants start to have awareness of themselves and their mothers
as separate beings. Object permanence develops around this time and infants are aware
that their parents can be absent. Infant can start to protest when the mother leaves the
room. By 11-12 months they can anticipate her imminent departure by watching her
behaviors, and protest before she leaves. 6-36 can happen up to adolescence
Different types of play parallel/associative/cooperative
● Parallel Play-Children play independently but with other children. Play with toys similar
with children around them and but not influenced with the children around them. Play
is besides, but not with, other children. Toddlers
