CWS Exam Prep
Name the five types of Cell Adhesion Molecules? Which type enables cells to detect and interact
with components of the extracellular matrix?
- answers-1. Cadherins
2. Immunoglobulin Superfamily (IGSF)
3. Selectins
4. Integrins
5. Mucins
Integrins allow cells to interact with the surrounding environment or components of the ECM.
What are the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to most deep?
- answers-Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale (germinativa)
What are the layers of the dermis from most superficial to most deep?
- answers-Papillary dermis
Reticular dermis
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum spinosum?
- answers-Langerhan's cells
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum basale?
- answers-Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel cells
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum granulosum?
- answers-Corneocytes (terminally differentiated keratinocytes)
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum corneum?
- answers-Dead keratinocytes
,What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the dermis?
- answers-Fibroblasts, Mast cells, Macrophages, Lymphocytes
Tissue loss includes only the epidermis.
- answers-Superficial
Tissue loss includes the epidermis and part of the dermis.
- answers-Partial thickness
Tissue loss includes the epidermis and all of the dermis.
- answers-Full thickness
Tissue loss includes subcutaneous tissues.
- answers-Subdermal
When does hemostasis or coagulation occur during the stages of healing?
- answers-Immediately after tissue injury
When does inflammation occur during the stages of healing?
- answers-0-4 days
When does proliferation occur during the stages of healing?
- answers-4-21 days
How long can remodeling last?
- answers-Up to 2 years
What are the key cells of hemostasis?
- answers-Platelets
What are the key cells of inflammation?
- answers-Neutrophils, Macrophages
What are the key cells of proliferation?
- answers-Fibroblasts, Epithelial cells, Endothelial cells, Macrophages
What are the key cells of remodeling?
- answers-Fibroblasts
,What produces PDGF?
- answers-Platelets and macrophages
What stimulates fibroblasts?
- answers-Platelet Derived Growth Factor
What is an integrin?
- answers-A cell surface receptor that enables cells to interact with components of the ECM
What secretes MMPs and TIMPs?
- answers-Keratinocytes and fibroblasts
What regulates the activity of MMPs?
- answers-TIMPs
Fibroblasts play a key role in the extracellular matrix deposition of which types of proteins?
- answers-Collagen
Elastin
Reticulin
Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans
Myofibroblasts secrete which type of collagen?
- answers-Type I
Which type of collagen is primarily found in uninjured tissue?
- answers-Type I
Which type of collagen is primarily found in wounds in the proliferative phase of wound
healing?
- answers-Type III
What is the transitional marker between the inflammatory and proliferative phases of healing?
- answers-Macrophage migration into the wound site
Which cells are the last to arrive during the proliferative phase?
- answers-T lymphocytes
What are the three types of T lymphocytes and what are their functions?
- answers-1. Cytotoxic T cells = directly target and kill any antigen-bearing cells
, 2. Helper T cells = activate macrophages and B lymphocytes
3. Suppressor T cells = down regulate inflammation and proliferation as the wound reaches
maturity
What is considered the "first line of defense" in wound healing?
- answers-Neutrophils (PMN leukocytes)
Mast cells are characterized by extensive cytoplasm with large granules which contain:
- answers-1. Histamine
2. Heparin
3. Eicosanoids
4. Serotonin
5. Chondroitin sulfate
6. Vasoactive proteins
What type of collagen is primarily found in skin, tendon, vascular ligature, organs and bone
(most common in wounds)?
- answers-Type I
What type of collagen is primarily found in cartilage?
- answers-Type II
What type of collagen is primarily found in reticulate (reticular fibers)?
- answers-Type III
What type of collagen is primarily found in basal lamina?
- answers-Type IV
What type of collagen is primarily found in cell surfaces, hair and placenta?
- answers-Type V
Which enzyme stimulates fibrinolysis?
- answers-Plasmin
Which type of sweat gland serves as the body cooling system?
- answers-Eccrine sweat glands
Which type of sweat gland is responsible for body odor? Where are these type of glands located?
- answers-Apocrine sweat glands
Name the five types of Cell Adhesion Molecules? Which type enables cells to detect and interact
with components of the extracellular matrix?
- answers-1. Cadherins
2. Immunoglobulin Superfamily (IGSF)
3. Selectins
4. Integrins
5. Mucins
Integrins allow cells to interact with the surrounding environment or components of the ECM.
What are the layers of the epidermis from most superficial to most deep?
- answers-Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale (germinativa)
What are the layers of the dermis from most superficial to most deep?
- answers-Papillary dermis
Reticular dermis
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum spinosum?
- answers-Langerhan's cells
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum basale?
- answers-Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Merkel cells
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum granulosum?
- answers-Corneocytes (terminally differentiated keratinocytes)
What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the stratum corneum?
- answers-Dead keratinocytes
,What is/are the primary cell type(s) of the dermis?
- answers-Fibroblasts, Mast cells, Macrophages, Lymphocytes
Tissue loss includes only the epidermis.
- answers-Superficial
Tissue loss includes the epidermis and part of the dermis.
- answers-Partial thickness
Tissue loss includes the epidermis and all of the dermis.
- answers-Full thickness
Tissue loss includes subcutaneous tissues.
- answers-Subdermal
When does hemostasis or coagulation occur during the stages of healing?
- answers-Immediately after tissue injury
When does inflammation occur during the stages of healing?
- answers-0-4 days
When does proliferation occur during the stages of healing?
- answers-4-21 days
How long can remodeling last?
- answers-Up to 2 years
What are the key cells of hemostasis?
- answers-Platelets
What are the key cells of inflammation?
- answers-Neutrophils, Macrophages
What are the key cells of proliferation?
- answers-Fibroblasts, Epithelial cells, Endothelial cells, Macrophages
What are the key cells of remodeling?
- answers-Fibroblasts
,What produces PDGF?
- answers-Platelets and macrophages
What stimulates fibroblasts?
- answers-Platelet Derived Growth Factor
What is an integrin?
- answers-A cell surface receptor that enables cells to interact with components of the ECM
What secretes MMPs and TIMPs?
- answers-Keratinocytes and fibroblasts
What regulates the activity of MMPs?
- answers-TIMPs
Fibroblasts play a key role in the extracellular matrix deposition of which types of proteins?
- answers-Collagen
Elastin
Reticulin
Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans
Myofibroblasts secrete which type of collagen?
- answers-Type I
Which type of collagen is primarily found in uninjured tissue?
- answers-Type I
Which type of collagen is primarily found in wounds in the proliferative phase of wound
healing?
- answers-Type III
What is the transitional marker between the inflammatory and proliferative phases of healing?
- answers-Macrophage migration into the wound site
Which cells are the last to arrive during the proliferative phase?
- answers-T lymphocytes
What are the three types of T lymphocytes and what are their functions?
- answers-1. Cytotoxic T cells = directly target and kill any antigen-bearing cells
, 2. Helper T cells = activate macrophages and B lymphocytes
3. Suppressor T cells = down regulate inflammation and proliferation as the wound reaches
maturity
What is considered the "first line of defense" in wound healing?
- answers-Neutrophils (PMN leukocytes)
Mast cells are characterized by extensive cytoplasm with large granules which contain:
- answers-1. Histamine
2. Heparin
3. Eicosanoids
4. Serotonin
5. Chondroitin sulfate
6. Vasoactive proteins
What type of collagen is primarily found in skin, tendon, vascular ligature, organs and bone
(most common in wounds)?
- answers-Type I
What type of collagen is primarily found in cartilage?
- answers-Type II
What type of collagen is primarily found in reticulate (reticular fibers)?
- answers-Type III
What type of collagen is primarily found in basal lamina?
- answers-Type IV
What type of collagen is primarily found in cell surfaces, hair and placenta?
- answers-Type V
Which enzyme stimulates fibrinolysis?
- answers-Plasmin
Which type of sweat gland serves as the body cooling system?
- answers-Eccrine sweat glands
Which type of sweat gland is responsible for body odor? Where are these type of glands located?
- answers-Apocrine sweat glands
