The Immune System Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions

The Immune System Exam Study Guide with Complete Solutions ABO blood groups - Correct Answer Genetically determined classes of human blood; based on the presence or absence of carbohydrates A and B on the surface of red blood cells. The ABO blood group phenotypes, also called blood types, are A, B, AB, and O. acquired immunity - Correct Answer The kind of defense that is mediated by B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells). It exhibits specificity, memory, and self-nonself recognition. Also called adaptive immunity. active immunity - Correct Answer Long-lasting immunity conferred by the action of a person's B cells and T cells and the resulting B and T memory cells specific for a pathogn. Active immunity can develop as a result of natural infection or immunization. AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) - Correct Answer The name of the late stages of HIV infection, defined by a specified reduction of T cells and the appearance of characteristic secondary infections. anaphylactic shock - Correct Answer An acute, whole-body, life-threatening, allergic response. antibody - Correct Answer A protein secreted by plasma cells (differentiated B cells) that binds to a particular antigen and marks it for elimination; also called immunoglobulin. All antibody molecules have the same Y-shaped structure and in their monomer form consist of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains joined by disulfide bridges. antigen - Correct Answer A macromolecule that elicits an immune response by lymphocytes. antigen presentation - Correct Answer The process by which an MHC molecule binds to a fragment of an intracellular protein antigen and carries it to the cell surface, where it is displayed and can be recognized by a T cell.