ATI Maternal Questions And Answers
With Verified Solutions Graded A+ Latest
Update 2025.
What are presumtive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER amenorrhea,uterine enlargement, line
nigra, cholasma, striae gravidarum, fatigue, n/v, breast changes, quickening
What are probable signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER abdominal enlargement, cervical changes,
gegars sign, goodells sign, chadwicks sign, ballottement, positive pregnancy test, braxton hicks
contractions fetal outline felt by examiner
What are positive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER fetal heart sounds, visualization of fetus
ultrasound, fetal movement palpated by hcp.
What is Niageles Rule? - ANSWER first day of last menstraul cycle, subtract three months, add
seven days, and add one year.
What is McDonalds Method? - ANSWER measure uterine fundal height in cm form the
symphysis pubis to the top of the uterine fundus
What is Magnesium Sulfate used for (antepartum)? - ANSWER Stops contractions in pre-term
labor and prevents seizures in preeclampsia
What are Terbutaline and Nifedipine used for? - ANSWER Used to slow contractions in pre-
term labor
What is Betamethasone used for? - ANSWER Used to enhance lung maturity in the fetus if
preterm delivery is likely
What is Misoprostil/Cytotec used for? - ANSWER Used to prepare the cervix for induction of
labor
What are some medications used for pain control in labor? - ANSWER Fentanyl, Nubain,
Stadol, Lidocain (episiostomy), epidural (use the "caine" drugs)
What is efacement? - ANSWER Shortening and thinning of cervix; e xpressed as a percentage
(0% to 100%)
What is dilation? - ANSWER opening and enlargement of cervix; expressed in centimeters (1 to
10 cm
What does station refer to? - ANSWER Relation of fetal head to ichial spines; expressed in
numeric value -5 to +5 (+5 is crowning)
What is the ideal position for birth? - ANSWER Occiput anterior
What are the four maternal pelvis shapes? - ANSWER Gynecoid—normal female
, Android—heart shaped, male
Anthropoid—apelike
Platypelloid—flat oval
What are the characteristics to assess during labor? - ANSWER Length, duration, intensity
Early labor- mild(25-40mmhg), irregular, last 30-60 seconds, occur every 5-7
Active labor- strong(50-70), regular, painful, last 60-90 seconds, occur every 2-3 minutes
Describe the first stage of labor - ANSWER Stage of Dilation
Latent phase—0 to 3 cm, may take 10-14 hours
Active phase—4 to 7 cm, primip 1 cm/hr; multip 1.5 cm/hr
Transition—8 to 10 cm, cervical change equal to or faster than active phase
What is the baseline for FHR? - ANSWER 110-160 bpm, evaluated over a 10 minute period
between contractions
Describe tachycardic FHR - ANSWER Above 160, causes- maternal fever, hypoxia,
medications, infection, fetal anemia, maternal hyperthyroidism
Describe bradycardic FHR - ANSWER Below 110, causes- late hypoxia, maternal hypotension,
prolonged umbilical cord compression
What is variability on the FHR monitor? - ANSWER Fluctuations in the baseline fetal heart rate
Result of interplay between SNS(↑) and PNS(↓); classified as absent, minimal, moderate or marked -
Moderate variability indicates a well oxygenated fetus
What are accelerations on the FHR monitor? - ANSWER Increase in fetal heart rate of at least
15 beats above baseline that lasts for at least 15 seconds - Demonstrates that no acidemia is present
What are early decelerations? - ANSWER Mirror contractions, peak of contraction corresponds
with nadir of deceleration; caused by head compression- stimulation of baroreceptors that cause vagal
response
What are variable decelerations? - ANSWER Decrease by 15 beats or more for at least 15
seconds but not more than 2 minutes; caused by cord compression, severity depends on depth, recovery
and presence of variability
What are late decelerations? - ANSWER Gradual deceleration that begins with the peak of the
contractions and is not resolved by the end of the contraction, indicates uteroplacental insufficiency
Causes: maternal hypotension, hypertension, postmaturity, abruption, diabetes, tachysystole
*Requires immediate notification of provider, IV fluid bolus, oxygen administration, lateral positioning,
terb
What are prolonged decelerations? - ANSWER Deceleration lasting longer than 2 minutes but
less than 10 minutes
With Verified Solutions Graded A+ Latest
Update 2025.
What are presumtive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER amenorrhea,uterine enlargement, line
nigra, cholasma, striae gravidarum, fatigue, n/v, breast changes, quickening
What are probable signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER abdominal enlargement, cervical changes,
gegars sign, goodells sign, chadwicks sign, ballottement, positive pregnancy test, braxton hicks
contractions fetal outline felt by examiner
What are positive signs of pregnancy? - ANSWER fetal heart sounds, visualization of fetus
ultrasound, fetal movement palpated by hcp.
What is Niageles Rule? - ANSWER first day of last menstraul cycle, subtract three months, add
seven days, and add one year.
What is McDonalds Method? - ANSWER measure uterine fundal height in cm form the
symphysis pubis to the top of the uterine fundus
What is Magnesium Sulfate used for (antepartum)? - ANSWER Stops contractions in pre-term
labor and prevents seizures in preeclampsia
What are Terbutaline and Nifedipine used for? - ANSWER Used to slow contractions in pre-
term labor
What is Betamethasone used for? - ANSWER Used to enhance lung maturity in the fetus if
preterm delivery is likely
What is Misoprostil/Cytotec used for? - ANSWER Used to prepare the cervix for induction of
labor
What are some medications used for pain control in labor? - ANSWER Fentanyl, Nubain,
Stadol, Lidocain (episiostomy), epidural (use the "caine" drugs)
What is efacement? - ANSWER Shortening and thinning of cervix; e xpressed as a percentage
(0% to 100%)
What is dilation? - ANSWER opening and enlargement of cervix; expressed in centimeters (1 to
10 cm
What does station refer to? - ANSWER Relation of fetal head to ichial spines; expressed in
numeric value -5 to +5 (+5 is crowning)
What is the ideal position for birth? - ANSWER Occiput anterior
What are the four maternal pelvis shapes? - ANSWER Gynecoid—normal female
, Android—heart shaped, male
Anthropoid—apelike
Platypelloid—flat oval
What are the characteristics to assess during labor? - ANSWER Length, duration, intensity
Early labor- mild(25-40mmhg), irregular, last 30-60 seconds, occur every 5-7
Active labor- strong(50-70), regular, painful, last 60-90 seconds, occur every 2-3 minutes
Describe the first stage of labor - ANSWER Stage of Dilation
Latent phase—0 to 3 cm, may take 10-14 hours
Active phase—4 to 7 cm, primip 1 cm/hr; multip 1.5 cm/hr
Transition—8 to 10 cm, cervical change equal to or faster than active phase
What is the baseline for FHR? - ANSWER 110-160 bpm, evaluated over a 10 minute period
between contractions
Describe tachycardic FHR - ANSWER Above 160, causes- maternal fever, hypoxia,
medications, infection, fetal anemia, maternal hyperthyroidism
Describe bradycardic FHR - ANSWER Below 110, causes- late hypoxia, maternal hypotension,
prolonged umbilical cord compression
What is variability on the FHR monitor? - ANSWER Fluctuations in the baseline fetal heart rate
Result of interplay between SNS(↑) and PNS(↓); classified as absent, minimal, moderate or marked -
Moderate variability indicates a well oxygenated fetus
What are accelerations on the FHR monitor? - ANSWER Increase in fetal heart rate of at least
15 beats above baseline that lasts for at least 15 seconds - Demonstrates that no acidemia is present
What are early decelerations? - ANSWER Mirror contractions, peak of contraction corresponds
with nadir of deceleration; caused by head compression- stimulation of baroreceptors that cause vagal
response
What are variable decelerations? - ANSWER Decrease by 15 beats or more for at least 15
seconds but not more than 2 minutes; caused by cord compression, severity depends on depth, recovery
and presence of variability
What are late decelerations? - ANSWER Gradual deceleration that begins with the peak of the
contractions and is not resolved by the end of the contraction, indicates uteroplacental insufficiency
Causes: maternal hypotension, hypertension, postmaturity, abruption, diabetes, tachysystole
*Requires immediate notification of provider, IV fluid bolus, oxygen administration, lateral positioning,
terb
What are prolonged decelerations? - ANSWER Deceleration lasting longer than 2 minutes but
less than 10 minutes
