pharmacology exam 1 actual questions and 100% verified correct answers graded a+.

what are the 6 initiatives of Quality and Safety education for nurse (QSEN) - correct answer 1) patient centered care 2) teamwork/collaboration 3) evidence based practice (EBP) 4) quality improvement 5) Safety 6) Informatics 5 steps of the nursing process (ANPIE) - correct answer 1) Assessment 2)Nursing diagnosis 3) planning 4) implementation 5) Evaluation the nurse answers a patients call light and finds the patient sitting up in bed and requesting pain medication. what will the nurse do? A) Check the orders and give the patient the requested pain medication B) provide comfort measures to the patient C)Assess the patients pain and pain level D) evaluate the effectiveness of previous pain medications - correct answer C) assess the patients pain and pain level the patients medication administration record lists two antipileptic medications that are due at 0900, but the patient is NPO for a barium study. The nurse's coworker suggests giving the medications IV because patient is NPO. what should the nurse do? A) give the medications PO with a small sip of water B) give the medications VIA the IV route because pt is NPO C) hold the medication until after the test is complete D) call the health care provider to clarify the instructions - correct answer D) call the health care provider to clarify instructions what are the rights of medication administration? - correct answer 1. right drug 2. right patient 3. right dosage 4. right route 5. right time 6. right reason 7. right documentation 8. right to refuse the day shift charge nurse is making rounds. a patient tells the nurse that the night shift nurse never gave him his medication, which was due at 2100. what will the nurse do first to determine whether the medication was given? A) call the night nurse at home B) check the medication administration record C) call the pharmacy D) review the nurse's documentation - correct answer B) check the medication administration record a nurse makes an error when administering medications to a patient. which action by the nurse requires the supervising nurse to intervene? A) the nurse completes an incident report B) the nurse informs the prescriber of the error C) the nurse documents adverse effects to the medication error D) the nurse records completion of an incident report in the medical record - correct answer D) the nurse records completion of an incident report in the medical record what is a generic name? - correct answer Name given by the United States Adopted Names Council How are drugs classified? - correct answer By structure and therapeutic use a patient is prescribed ibuprofen 200mg PO every 4 hours as needed for pain. the pharmacy sends up enteric coated tablets, but the patient refuses the tablets, stating she can not swallow pills. what will the nurse do? A) Crush the tablets and mix them with applesauce or pudding B) call the pharmacy and ask for the liquid form of the medication C) call the pharmacy and ask for the IV form go the medication D) encourage the patient to try and swallow the tablets - correct answer B) call the pharmacy and ask for the liquid form of the medication Why? because a liquid form is still given via the oral route Enteral route (oral, sublingual, buccal, rectal) - correct answer drug absorbed into circulation through the oral or gastric mucosa Why is IV therapy used? - correct answer because it is the fastest way to get the medication into the blood stream, because it bypasses the first pass effect the nurse is preparing to administer a transdermal patch to a patient and finds that the patient already has a medication patch on his right upper chest. what will the nurse do? A) remove the old medication patch and notify the health care provider B) Apply the new patch without removing the old one. C) remove the old patch and apply the new patch in the same spot. D) remove the old patch and apply the new patch to a different clean area - correct answer D) remove the old patch and apply the new patch to a different clean area What is the first pass affect? - correct answer the loss of effectiveness of the drug on when first time given, because it is metabolized in the liver what is the most common blood protein and carries the majority of protein-bound drug molecules? - correct answer albumin what happens if a medication is albumin bound, but there is a low amount of albumin? - correct answer this causes an increase in side effects which part of the body is responsible for metabolizing drugs? - correct answer Liver which part of the body is responsible for excretion of drugs from the body? - correct answer Kidney which Labs are elevated in kidney failure? - correct answer BUN and CREATININE which labs are elevated in liver failure? - correct answer ALT/AST what ways can the body excrete drugs from the body? - correct answer -renal excretion -biliary excretion -bowel excretion half-life - correct answer time required form 50% of a given drug to be removed from the body 50mg of medication was given, in 5 hours (half-life), how much is left? - correct answer 25mg how many half lives need to occur to assume the drug is clear from the body? - correct answer 5 why is half-life important - correct answer so absorbing/excreting is stabilized peak level - correct answer highest blood level of a drug (most amount of a drug is in the system) trough level - correct answer lowest blood level of a drug (least amount of a drug is in the system) what happens if a drugs peak level is too high? - correct answer drug toxicity could occur what happens if a drugs trough level is too low? - correct answer the drug might not do what its supposed to the nurse is giving a medication that has a high first-pass health care provider has changed the route from PO to IV. what can the nurse expect with the IV dose? A) the IV dose will be higher because of the first pass effect B)the IV dose will be lower because of the first pass effect C)the IV dose will be the same as the PO dose D) the rate of infusion must be faster due to the first pass effect - correct answer B)the IV dose will be lower because of the first pass effect WHY? the first pass effect happens in PO drugs, therefore because IV drugs go into the blood the IV dose needs to be lower than PO doses. a patient is complaining of severe pain and has orders for morphine sulfate. the nurse knows that the route that would give the slowest pain relief would be which route? A)IV B)IM C)SUBQ D)PO - correct answer D)PO Why? because routes that go directly into the blood are immediate, but PO drug