Questions And Answers 2025
how do you know it is an anaerobic infection? - Answer - gas and bad odor
what makes an adequate sputum sample? - Answer - <10 epithelial cells and >25 leukocytes per low
power field
what bug causes acute bacterial endocarditis? - Answer - staph aureas (attacks healthy valves)
what bug causes subacute bacterial endocarditis? - Answer - strep viridans (attacks damaged valves)
how do you dx rheumatic fever? - Answer - need at least 2 of the "SPECC":
S-subcutaneous nodules
P- polyarthritis
E- erythema marginatum (red margins)
C- chorea (sydenham's)
C- carditis (MA>AS>TS) "MAT"
what are the only gram neg diplococci? - Answer - neisseria
what is the only gram pos diplococci? - Answer - strep pneumo
what 5 bugs cause heart block infections? - Answer - "Don't TeLL Chaga":
D- diptheria
T- typhoid fever (salmonella typhii)
L- legionella
,L- lyme dz
C- chaga's dz (whipple's)
what are the IgA protease bugs? - Answer - strep pneumo
h. influenza
neisseria catarrhalis
what do the IgA proteus bugs cause? - Answer - sinusitis
otitis media
pneumonia/bronchitis
what are the simple gram neg bugs? - Answer - they lack lipopolysccharides, "Simple HE":
H- H. influenza
E- E. coli
what are the atypical (no cell wall) bacteria? - Answer - "CLUMsy":
C- chlamydia
L- legionella
U- ureaplasma
M- mycoplasma
what is the only gram pos endotoxin? - Answer - listeria
what are the gram neg endotoxins? - Answer - h. influenza, bordatella pertussis
what are the spore forming gram pos bacteria? - Answer - bacillus, clostridium
what bugs can cause walking pneumonia? - Answer - "Come My Love for a Walk":
0-2 mo: chlamydia pneumonia
, 10-30 yo: mycoplasma pneumonia
>40 yo: Legionella pneumonia
AIDS & premies: pneumonia carinii
what causes cryoglobulinemia? - Answer - "I AM He":
I- influenza
A- adenovirus
M-mycoplasma
H- hep B & C
what are the silver stainers? - Answer - "HaLV-C":
H- H. pylori
L- Listeria
V- vibrio
C- campylobacter
what bacteria cause diarrhea <8 hrs after introduction? - Answer - "CBS":
C- clostridium
B- bacillus cereus
S- staph aureas
what are the gram neg capsules? - Answer - "Some Killers Have Pretty Nice Capsules":
S- salmonella
K- klebsiella
H- h. influenza B
P- pseudomonas
N- neisseria
C- citrobacter