Child and Adolescent PRITE 2025-2026
Which of the following acutely inhibits the release of glucocorticoids in the adrenal glands?
* GABA
Cortisol
Estrogen
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
2019 Child: 1
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that acts on specific
receptors in the body, including those in the adrenal glands. When GABA binds to its
receptors in the adrenal glands, it can inhibit the release of the hormone glucocorticoids,
such as cortisol, by reducing the activity of the enzymes and pathways involved in their
synthesis and release.
A teacher assigns the children in the class to solve as many math problems as they can on
their own in a 20-minute period. The teacher makes a note of each student's progress,
divides the class into groups to further work on the problems together, and provides help to
each group when members are stuck. This strategy most directly makes use of which of the
following educational concepts?
Transfer of learning
Collective socialization
Attunement to learning styles
Transformative learning theory
* Zone of proximal development
2019 Child: 2
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a concept developed by Soviet psychologist
Lev Vygotsky. It refers to the difference between what a child can do independently and what
they can do with the help of a more skilled partner or teacher. The ZPD is the area where the
,most sensitive instruction or guidance should occur, as it represents the level at which a
child is most ready to learn and make the most progress.
The ZPD can be thought of as a range of tasks or activities that are just beyond a child's
current level of ability, but with guidance and support, they can accomplish. It is the area
where a child's potential for learning and development is the highest. Vygotsky believed that
the ZPD is critical in the development of cognitive and social skills and that it can be used as
a guide for instructional planning
By age three years, toddlers can typically perform which of the following tasks?
Tie shoelaces
Fasten buttons
Close a zipper
* Manipulate scissors
Draw a person with realistic proportions
2019 Child: 3
By age three years, toddlers typically have developed the fine motor skills necessary to
perform a variety of tasks such as:
· Manipulating scissors: They can hold and open and close scissors with one hand and
make basic cutting motions.
· Drawing and coloring: They can hold a crayon, marker or pencil with a mature grip and
make marks on paper.
· Building with blocks: They can stack blocks, build towers and make simple structures.
· Stringing beads: They can thread large beads on a string or lace.
· Turning pages in a book: They can turn pages one at a time with thumb and index finger.
· Dressing themselves: They can dress and undress themselves with some assistance.
· Brushing their teeth: They can brush their teeth with some assistance.
· Using utensils: They can use a fork and spoon with some assistance and may start using a
knife to cut soft foods.
,It's important to note that children develop at different rates, so some children may be able to
perform these tasks earlier or later than others.
By age three years, toddlers typically cannot perform certain fine motor tasks that require
more advanced dexterity, coordination, and control. Some examples of fine motor tasks that
toddlers may not be able to perform at this age include:
· Writing: They may not be able to form letters or numbers with a pencil or crayon.
· Zipping and buttoning: They may not be able to fasten zippers or buttons on their own.
· Cutting with scissors: They may not be able to cut along a straight line or make precise
cuts.
· Threading small beads or needles: They may not have the dexterity to thread small beads
or needles.
· Using small tools: They may not be able to use small tools such as tweezers or tongs.
· Holding small objects: They may not be able to pick up small objects such as beads or
coins with their fingers.
· Tying shoelaces: They may not have the fine motor skills to tie shoelaces.
It's important to note that children develop at different rates, so some children may be able to
perform some of these tasks earlier or later than others.
Typically, children around the age of 5 or 6 may start to draw people with more recognizable
shapes, but it may take until around age 7 or 8 for them to begin to understand and use
proportions correctly.
An adolescent boy was engaged in therapy lasting ten weeks. During this therapy the boy
was able to relate his test-taking anxiety, chronic feeling of interpersonal inadequacy, and
inaccurate sense of physical unattractiveness to an earlier relationship with his father who
was often critical and harsh, and unpredictably embarrassed the boy in social settings.
Which of the following therapies was most likely utilized?
Behavioral
Cognitive behavioral
Dialectical behavioral
Motivational interviewing
* Short-term psychodynamic
, 2019 Child: 4
Traditional psychodynamic therapy is a longer-term treatment that usually involves weekly
sessions over a period of several months or even years. The focus of traditional
psychodynamic therapy is on exploring the patient's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors that may be contributing to their current problems. This therapy aims to help the
patient gain insight and understanding into their problems and how they developed, and how
to change their maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling and behaving.
Short-term psychodynamic therapy, on the other hand, is usually a more focused and
time-limited treatment that may last for several weeks or months. The focus of short-term
psychodynamic therapy is on addressing specific, well-defined problems or symptoms that
the patient is experiencing. This therapy aims to help the patient identify and understand the
underlying causes of their problems, but also providing them with specific techniques or
strategies to cope with them in the short term.
In summary, traditional psychodynamic therapy is a longer-term treatment that focuses on
exploring the patient's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, while short-term
psychodynamic therapy is a more focused and time-limited treatment that addresses specific
problems or symptoms.
During a psychiatric evaluation, which of the following methods would best help develop the
therapeutic alliance between a psychiatrist and a new immigrant patient and family?
Consulting with the immigrant family's traditional healers
Conducting the initial appointment with the identified patient only
Relying on previous clinical experiences with this immigrant population
* Using a qualified interpreter who has proficiency in the family's language of origin
Maintaining consistent individualistic boundary practices across the spectrum of cultures
2019 Child: 5
Children typically demonstrate the most overt sexual interest and behavior during which of
the following developmental stages?
Infancy
Toddlerhood
* Preschool
Early school-age
Which of the following acutely inhibits the release of glucocorticoids in the adrenal glands?
* GABA
Cortisol
Estrogen
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
2019 Child: 1
GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that acts on specific
receptors in the body, including those in the adrenal glands. When GABA binds to its
receptors in the adrenal glands, it can inhibit the release of the hormone glucocorticoids,
such as cortisol, by reducing the activity of the enzymes and pathways involved in their
synthesis and release.
A teacher assigns the children in the class to solve as many math problems as they can on
their own in a 20-minute period. The teacher makes a note of each student's progress,
divides the class into groups to further work on the problems together, and provides help to
each group when members are stuck. This strategy most directly makes use of which of the
following educational concepts?
Transfer of learning
Collective socialization
Attunement to learning styles
Transformative learning theory
* Zone of proximal development
2019 Child: 2
The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is a concept developed by Soviet psychologist
Lev Vygotsky. It refers to the difference between what a child can do independently and what
they can do with the help of a more skilled partner or teacher. The ZPD is the area where the
,most sensitive instruction or guidance should occur, as it represents the level at which a
child is most ready to learn and make the most progress.
The ZPD can be thought of as a range of tasks or activities that are just beyond a child's
current level of ability, but with guidance and support, they can accomplish. It is the area
where a child's potential for learning and development is the highest. Vygotsky believed that
the ZPD is critical in the development of cognitive and social skills and that it can be used as
a guide for instructional planning
By age three years, toddlers can typically perform which of the following tasks?
Tie shoelaces
Fasten buttons
Close a zipper
* Manipulate scissors
Draw a person with realistic proportions
2019 Child: 3
By age three years, toddlers typically have developed the fine motor skills necessary to
perform a variety of tasks such as:
· Manipulating scissors: They can hold and open and close scissors with one hand and
make basic cutting motions.
· Drawing and coloring: They can hold a crayon, marker or pencil with a mature grip and
make marks on paper.
· Building with blocks: They can stack blocks, build towers and make simple structures.
· Stringing beads: They can thread large beads on a string or lace.
· Turning pages in a book: They can turn pages one at a time with thumb and index finger.
· Dressing themselves: They can dress and undress themselves with some assistance.
· Brushing their teeth: They can brush their teeth with some assistance.
· Using utensils: They can use a fork and spoon with some assistance and may start using a
knife to cut soft foods.
,It's important to note that children develop at different rates, so some children may be able to
perform these tasks earlier or later than others.
By age three years, toddlers typically cannot perform certain fine motor tasks that require
more advanced dexterity, coordination, and control. Some examples of fine motor tasks that
toddlers may not be able to perform at this age include:
· Writing: They may not be able to form letters or numbers with a pencil or crayon.
· Zipping and buttoning: They may not be able to fasten zippers or buttons on their own.
· Cutting with scissors: They may not be able to cut along a straight line or make precise
cuts.
· Threading small beads or needles: They may not have the dexterity to thread small beads
or needles.
· Using small tools: They may not be able to use small tools such as tweezers or tongs.
· Holding small objects: They may not be able to pick up small objects such as beads or
coins with their fingers.
· Tying shoelaces: They may not have the fine motor skills to tie shoelaces.
It's important to note that children develop at different rates, so some children may be able to
perform some of these tasks earlier or later than others.
Typically, children around the age of 5 or 6 may start to draw people with more recognizable
shapes, but it may take until around age 7 or 8 for them to begin to understand and use
proportions correctly.
An adolescent boy was engaged in therapy lasting ten weeks. During this therapy the boy
was able to relate his test-taking anxiety, chronic feeling of interpersonal inadequacy, and
inaccurate sense of physical unattractiveness to an earlier relationship with his father who
was often critical and harsh, and unpredictably embarrassed the boy in social settings.
Which of the following therapies was most likely utilized?
Behavioral
Cognitive behavioral
Dialectical behavioral
Motivational interviewing
* Short-term psychodynamic
, 2019 Child: 4
Traditional psychodynamic therapy is a longer-term treatment that usually involves weekly
sessions over a period of several months or even years. The focus of traditional
psychodynamic therapy is on exploring the patient's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors that may be contributing to their current problems. This therapy aims to help the
patient gain insight and understanding into their problems and how they developed, and how
to change their maladaptive ways of thinking, feeling and behaving.
Short-term psychodynamic therapy, on the other hand, is usually a more focused and
time-limited treatment that may last for several weeks or months. The focus of short-term
psychodynamic therapy is on addressing specific, well-defined problems or symptoms that
the patient is experiencing. This therapy aims to help the patient identify and understand the
underlying causes of their problems, but also providing them with specific techniques or
strategies to cope with them in the short term.
In summary, traditional psychodynamic therapy is a longer-term treatment that focuses on
exploring the patient's unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, while short-term
psychodynamic therapy is a more focused and time-limited treatment that addresses specific
problems or symptoms.
During a psychiatric evaluation, which of the following methods would best help develop the
therapeutic alliance between a psychiatrist and a new immigrant patient and family?
Consulting with the immigrant family's traditional healers
Conducting the initial appointment with the identified patient only
Relying on previous clinical experiences with this immigrant population
* Using a qualified interpreter who has proficiency in the family's language of origin
Maintaining consistent individualistic boundary practices across the spectrum of cultures
2019 Child: 5
Children typically demonstrate the most overt sexual interest and behavior during which of
the following developmental stages?
Infancy
Toddlerhood
* Preschool
Early school-age
